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748,109 Views ā¢ Jan 30, 2018 ā¢ Click to toggle off description
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Welcome to 2 minute neuroscience, where I explain neuroscience topics in 2 minutes or less. In this installment I will discuss selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, or SSRIs.
SSRIs were developed in the 1970s with the goal of treating depression by increasing serotonin levels. This goal was formulated based on the serotonin hypothesis of depression, which suggests that depression is caused by low levels of the neurotransmitter serotonin.
SSRIs work by inhibiting a mechanism called reuptake. In reuptake, a protein called a transporter transports excess neurotransmitter molecules out of the synaptic cleft, usually back into the neuron that released them. SSRIs inhibit the reuptake of serotonin.
By inhibiting the removal of serotonin from the synaptic cleft, this causes levels of serotonin in the synaptic cleft to rise. These increases in serotonin levels have been hypothesized to be the mechanism by which SSRIs can treat the symptoms of depression.
There are reasons now, however, to believe that there must be more to the mechanism of SSRIs than just changing serotonin levels. For example, when someone begins taking an SSRI, they generally have to wait about 4 weeks before their symptoms improve. Evidence suggests, however, that their serotonin levels rise as quickly as within an hour after taking the medication. Thus, it seems likely that SSRIs may affect serotonin levels, which then leads to other effects that influence the symptoms of depression.
Therefore itās probable that more than serotonin levels must be changed for SSRIs to work, which suggests that depression isnāt caused only by low serotonin levels. Additionally, evidence has now emerged that questions the effectiveness of SSRIs. Some research has found they do not work much better than placebos, and may only benefit those who are most severely depressed, which is a minority of patients who actually take the drugs.
REFERENCES:
Invernizzi R, Velasco C, Bramante M, Longo A, Samanin R. Effect of 5-HT1A receptor antagonists on citalopram-induced increase in extracellular serotonin in the frontal cortex, striatum and dorsal hippocampus. Neuropharmacology. 1997 Apr-May;36(4-5):467-73.
Kirsch I, Deacon BJ, Huedo-Medina TB, Scoboria A, Moore TJ, Johnson BT. Initial severity and antidepressant benefits: a meta-analysis of data submitted to the Food and Drug Administration. PLoS Med. 2008 Feb;5(2):e45. doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.0050045.
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Date of upload: Jan 30, 2018 ^^
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YouTube Comments - 689 Comments
Top Comments of this video!! :3
To anyone who ever sees this. When I started anti depressants 7 years ago, it was an SSRI. I was one of the people who noticed a change within an hour. I went from an immense TERRIBLE depression, to finally having clearer thoughts that werenāt about death and hopelessness. Please donāt discount medication. It is often the right catalyst you need.
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I started lexapro around 2 and half months ago. honest to god the best decision I have ever made. my anxiety was debiitating and I just couldn't control it anymore. it took me 7 Years to finally give it a shot.
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Starting Zoloft a year ago was one of the best decisions Iāve made. My anxiety is more manageable and my depression is practically nonexistent.
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Sometimes it doesn't take that long to feel the effects. I went from really low, dissociative, irritable to neutral, present, and not irritable within about two hours. Its day four for me and I genuinely can not believe the difference. I can't believe I didn't start earlier. And a reminder: taking antidepressants for depression etc is just like taking Panadol for pain or wearing a cast for a broken bone. It's normal.
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One of the few times where going down to the comments section was actually a good idea. I'm finally looking into antidepressants for long term mild depression after 5+ years, and the ending statement about "SSRIs might only work well for people with extreme cases" had me really worried, since I've never experienced total anhedonia or su1c1dal thoughts due to depression.
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I just wanted to give a word of encouragement to anyone thinking of starting this journey. It helped me massively and allowed to live a normal life, even have the strength to actually use other tools such as therapy that I would otherwise have no energy to do. Please donāt turn it down just because itās a medication as it can turn your life around very positively
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Prozac ( fluoxitine) has helped significantly for my depression/ anxiety. But be aware that after some time you may "plateau" on it. A point where it becomes ineffective. Talk to your shrink right away if that happens. A PSYCHIATRIST NOT a psychologist. A change in dosage or type of meds may be required. Also sunlight, natural light in the house helps a lot. Diet, eggs, salmon, B complex vitamins, green tea, red ginsing, omega 3,6,and 9 oil capsules also help. (Nature Made at Costco.) It's extremely difficult for people who've never experienced depression/ anxiety to understand what you're experiencing. And a lot of them think they do.
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I always had insane anxiety growing up. Didn't even know what it was called, I just always had stomach aches and sweaty palms. When I started taking Zoloft, it took a month or so like they said, but I have never felt this great in my life. I wish I started taking them during high school.
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I started off with 10 mg of Prozac and maybe it was a placebo effect but that first week I noticed immediately an increase in being present at work with little anxiety. Before Prozac, I had a lot of stuff going on in my life that it affected my memory especially at work where Iād end up getting in trouble for not following instructions.
After i started taking it, I felt more prideful in my work, I wasnāt in my head to the point where I finally started to relax, I became funnier because I was in the moment and didnāt care about my responses, I became more optimistic with my coworkers and even started calling out shots and being more involved. Tbh I honestly tripped out on how debilitating my anxiety was until I started with Prozac and it hasnāt been a full month yet of being on it
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Iāve been taking Zoloft for about 5 years and I would not still be here without it. I had depression, and sever social anxiety, I could barely leave my house, Iām not 100% cured or anything it takes a lot more work then just going on medication to heal but without medication I wasnāt able to even begin getting better
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You have no idea how much this video helped me, My doctor was not well at explaining and have no been able to find anything that explained easy as this.thank you
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I never realized I needed SSRIs until I finally said "f*** it" and took it. And for those who are afraid of the "why didn't I take this sooner" thoughts, (like I was), they don't really have any effect at all. In fact any negative thoughts you just stop believing because you see them for what they are, useless thoughts. You made them yourself, but you can easily destroy them. And this also goes for positive thoughts as well. And suddenly you really end up realizing YOU. ARE. IN. CONTROL. You can choose what you want to believe or not. That's my experience so far when I started taking SSRIs.
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I think your last comment about the placebo effect really does a disservice to these life saving drugs!! And it also turns away people who may be interested in taking them. They are powerful, amazing and life changing for many, many people.
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Imagine saying this: "The new cancer drug's effectiveness has been questioned because it only seems to treat the worst forms of cancer."
Instead you might say: "HOORAY!! IT TREATS THE WORST CASES OF DEPRESSION!!"
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SSRI worked great for me. My problem was more along the lines of obsessive thoughts and control of my anger. What a relief! The drug made me super sleepy for about a week. I had no doubt something was changing in my brain! If I miss a few days I get some really odd sensations in my head too.
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I have been taking an SSRI for the last 18 years or so. Iām 28. I donāt remember how I felt when I started taking it, but what I can tell you is that if I miss even a day or two I will notice.
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I have just started my own OCD channel about my own struggles and I love what you have done its amazing. keep up the super workš
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Iāve always been someone whoās been āantiā antidepressants. mostly stubborn about it. not wanting to ārely on medicineā to feel okay.
but after trying everything to help with my mood.. going to therapy, changing my diet, getting outside, getting exercise, trying getting good sleep.. nothing was shaking my spiraling, negative, thought loops. i mean, all if those things have definitely been great for my health overall. But the anxiety and shit mood was still there. My Dr suggested I try Zoloft, and at that point i was willing to give anything else a shot. and so far itās been SO helpful with managing my emotions.. and those spiraling thoughts.. even if it may be placebo.. atleast itās HELPING. along with therapy, too
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now this got me overthinking and wondering if my meds are actually gonna work šš
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@Neuroscientificallychallenged
5 years ago
**UPDATE** For a full explanation of the last couple sentences of the video, please read the explanatory article linked here: neuroscientificallychallenged.com/on-the-effectiveā¦ Please note that with the last 2 sentences of this video Iām not making a claim that SSRIs donāt work. Instead, Iām pointing out that some research has questioned their effectiveness, especially in certain individuals (like those who suffer from milder cases of depression). Itās not a statement of opinion that this type of evidence exists---itās a fact that multiple studies have failed to find a large clinical benefit to antidepressants over placebos, at least in some groups (Iāll include links to several studies below). I was trying to provide a more complete picture by mentioning this research. I was not, however, trying to make any statements one way or another about the effectiveness of antidepressants. There is a lot of evidence to suggest that they do work better than placebos (e.g., pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29477251/), but the area is somewhat controversial. Plenty of people, however, benefit significantly from the drugs, and I am not trying to deter anyone from taking them or trying to convince you they will not work. More research will probably provide us with a better picture of who stands to benefit the most from taking an antidepressant. Again, please read this article if you want the full story: neuroscientificallychallenged.com/on-the-effectiveā¦ Some studies that question the effectiveness of antidepressants are linked below. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3712503/ www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2253608/ www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5299662/ www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15110490 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14974002
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