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What Game Theory Reveals About Life, The Universe, and Everything
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9,675,748 Views • Dec 23, 2023 • Click to toggle off description
This is a video about the most famous problem in Game Theory, the Prisoner’s Dilemma. Head to brilliant.org/veritasium to start your free 30-day trial, and the first 200 people get 20% off an annual premium subscription.

Special thanks to our Patreon supporters! Join the community to help us keep our videos free, forever:
ve42.co/PatreonDEB

If you’re looking for a molecular modeling kit, try Snatoms – a kit I invented where the atoms snap together magnetically – ve42.co/SnatomsV


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A massive thank you to Prof. Robert Axelrod and Prof. Steven Strogatz for their expertise and time.

To read more about Prof. Axelrod’s Passion for Cooperation visit: ve42.co/Axelrod2023

A massive thanks to the wonderful Nicky Case. Nicky’s “The Evolution of Trust” game was a huge inspiration for this video. We highly recommend you play this excellent game yourself, over at: ncase.me/trust/

A huge thank you to those who helped us understand and fact check different parts of this topic - Dr. Christian Hilbe, Dr. Vincent Knight, Dr. Jelena Grujic, Prof. Andreas Diekmann, and Dr. Alexander Stewart.

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References:
Excellent game on the evolution of trust by Nicky Case - ve42.co/Case2023
Summary of Axelrod’s work by This Place -    • The Iterated Prisoner's Dilemma and T...  
How to outsmart the Prisoner’s Dilemma by TED-Ed -    • How to outsmart the Prisoner’s Dilemm...  
Tit for Tat by radiolab - ve42.co/T4T
The Golden Rule by radiolab - ve42.co/GoldenRule
Axelrod, R. (1984). The Evolution of Cooperation.
Dawkins, R. (2016). The selfish gene. Oxford university press.
Poundstone, W. (1992). Prisoner's Dilemma. William Poundstone.
Nowak, M. A., & Highfield, R. (2011). Supercooperators. Edinburgh: Canongate.
Binmore, K. (2007). Game theory: a very short introduction. OUP Oxford.
Northrup, L. & Rock, D. (1966). The Detection of Joe I. - ve42.co/JOE1
Prisoner’s dilemma, Wikipedia - ve42.co/WikiPD
Prisoner’s Dilemma, Stanford - ve42.co/StanfordPD
Flood, M. M. (1952). Some experimental games. - ve42.co/Flood1952
Historical nuclear weapons stockpiles, Wikipedia - ve42.co/WikiNWS
Goodwin, I. (1998). The Price of Victory in Cold War - ve42.co/Goodwin1998
Cold war: How it happened. - ve42.co/CW2014
Axelrod, R. (1980). Effective choice in the prisoner's dilemma. Journal of conflict resolution, 24(1), 3-25. - ve42.co/Axelrod1980a
Axelrod, R. (1980). More effective choice in the prisoner's dilemma. Journal of conflict resolution, 24(3), 379-403. - ve42.co/Axelrod1980b
Axelrod, R., & Hamilton, W. D. (1981). The evolution of cooperation. science, 211(4489), 1390-1396. ve42.co/Axelrod1981
Stanislav Petrov, Wikipedia - ve42.co/WikiSP
Wu, J., & Axelrod, R. (1995). How to cope with noise in the iterated prisoner's dilemma. Journal of Conflict resolution, 39(1), 183-189. - ve42.co/Wu1995
INF Treaty - ve42.co/INF
START Treaties - ve42.co/START
START I, Wikipedia - ve42.co/WikiSTART


Images & Video:
RAND Historical images via rand.org - ve42.co/RAND
Golden Balls -    • golden balls. the weirdest split or s...  
Zotti, G., et al. (2021). The Simulated Sky: Stellarium for Cultural Astronomy Research - ve42.co/Stellarium
Newspapers from 1980s via Newspapers.com – ve42.co/Newspapers
Decommisioned nuke image via The Moscow Times - ve42.co/MT2012
Soviet inspection image via Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists - ve42.co/Krzyzaniak2019
Decommissioning nuclear weapon via ShareAmerica - ve42.co/Kaufman2014


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Special thanks to our Patreon supporters:
Adam Foreman, Amadeo Bee, Anton Ragin, Balkrishna Heroor, Bernard McGee, Bill Linder, Burt Humburg, Dave Kircher, Diffbot, Evgeny Skvortsov, Gnare, Jesse Brandsoy, John H. Austin, Jr., john kiehl, Josh Hibschman, Juan Benet, KeyWestr, Lee Redden, Marinus Kuivenhoven, Mario Bottion, Max Maladino, Meekay, meg noah, Michael Krugman, Paul Peijzel, Richard Sundvall, Sam Lutfi, Stephen Wilcox, Tj Steyn, TTST, Ubiquity Ventures


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Directed by Casper Mebius
Written by Casper Mebius, Derek Muller, Petr Lebedev, and Ashley Hamer
Additional research and fact checking by Gregor Čavlović and Will Wood
Edited by Peter Nelson
Animated by Fabio Albertelli, Ivy Tello and Alondra Vitae
Illustrations by Jakub Misiek
Filmed by Derek Muller
Produced by Casper Mebius, Derek Muller, Gregor Čavlović and Han Evans

Additional video/photos supplied by Getty Images
Music from Epidemic Sound
Thumbnail by Peter Sheppard
Metadata And Engagement

Views : 9,675,748
Genre: Education
Date of upload: Dec 23, 2023 ^^


Rating : 4.966 (3,488/410,828 LTDR)
RYD date created : 2024-05-03T11:17:49.693952Z
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YouTube Comments - 15,290 Comments

Top Comments of this video!! :3

@Magnymbus

4 months ago

"Be nice, be forgiving, but don't be a pushover" I feel like that's something all of us can appreciate.

19K |

@jagobot1487

2 weeks ago

Two people getting excited to meet each other because they both respect the others work is the most wholesome thing

1.8K |

@SolveFixBuild

2 weeks ago

This is refreshing. I just started reading Greene’s “48 Laws of Power” in order to understand how bullying parties win in negotiations - not because I want to do that, but because I’ve been on the receiving end of it and I want to better defend against at it. This mathematically proves that starting off cooperative, stating clearly your boundaries once they’ve been crossed, and willingness to cooperate again is the best way to go. That’s the way I try to live and want to live. This is helpful reinforcement of that. Thank you.

673 |

@peterxyz3541

1 week ago

“You don’t have to lose in order for me to win”. Enlightenment

215 |

@edmundschubert4963

4 months ago

“In the short term it is often the environment that shapes the player… but in the long run it is the players that shape the environment.” Words to live by.

5.1K |

@muhammedrayan4048

4 months ago

I just love how enthusiastic Professor Strogatz was on seeing Professor Axelrod, like they were two good buddies

9.8K |

@hemanth3931

1 week ago

This is what i am paying my internet bills for

27 |

@tofu_golem

1 week ago

The behavior of Tit For Tat is basically the foundation of the behavior of every social mammal species because it produces the best results for all. Some animal species are solitary, some are social. Neither survival strategy is necessarily better than the other, but Tit For Tat is a very simple algorithm that optimizes the social survival strategy. We don't need magic to explain the existence of morality, we merely need to observe that humans are a social species rather than a solitary species. Also, morality is the inevitable conclusion the moment you realize you're not the only one who experiences suffering. So I suppose there's that.

43 |

@ElectroBOOM

4 months ago

THIS IS AWESOME INFORMATION!! Imagine if everyone would understand that cooperating and being kind and forgiving pays off best for everyone...

16K |

@AltevBaka

1 month ago

One of the rare videos that should literally be watched by everyone.

4.5K |

@acrossnavalaerial5519

1 week ago

This video is a literal hidden gem. May the future generation be reminded by this masterpiece hopefully

143 |

@verlongates2279

18 hours ago

The important thing to note is that the GOAL is to accumulate points, NOT to 'defeat the opponent.' That is an absolutely significant thing to note.

5 |

@jyotsnasrivastava6373

4 months ago

This is the kind of Veritasium Video I have been craving for. The one video which can change my perspective and connecting something abstract like maths to real life philosophies and mathematically proving it. Truly fascinating.

4.3K |

@franug

3 weeks ago

I think every parent should watch this. "Be nice, be forgiving, but not a pushover" is quite literally what I want my kids to grow up understanding. What a cool video

1.6K |

@stellastarfield1111

5 days ago

I almost didn't click this. I'm not even done yet and my mind is blown. Thank you for making and sharing this.

4 |

@jonb4020

6 days ago

A superbly-produced video, if I may say so.

3 |

@cedriceveleigh

4 months ago

I find this fascinating. It confirms one of my favorite quotes, "do unto others 20% better than you would expect them to do unto you, to correct for subjective error".

1.1K |

@manuraj747

2 months ago

Adding this to my list of "Best YouTube videos of all time"

1.5K |

@CU9_

1 week ago

this isnt matpat talking about fnaf lore...

25 |

@chilidog2469

2 days ago

A small part of me was hoping he’d end the video with: “That’s just a theory, a GAME THEORY”

20 |

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