@vouserdelegado

11 months ago

02:29 - Utilitarianism: This ethical theory, introduced by Jeremy Bentham, states that actions should be based on producing the greatest overall balance of pleasure minus pain. It focuses on the consequences of actions and treats pleasure and pain as the ultimate moral factors. 06:35 - Thought Experiment: Robert Nozick's thought experiment involves an experience machine that can provide any desired experience. It challenges the idea that pleasure alone is the sole determinant of moral value, highlighting the importance of other aspects such as control, genuine experiences, and interpersonal relationships. 10:48 - Criticisms of Utilitarianism: H.J. McCloskey presents a counter-example to utilitarianism using a scenario where a sheriff must frame an innocent person to prevent a riot. This demonstrates a conflict between utilitarian calculations and commonly held moral intuitions, suggesting limitations to the theory. 18:26 - Kant's Moral Theory (Deontology): Immanuel Kant's deontological theory focuses on the intentions (maxims) behind actions rather than their consequences. The moral permissibility of an action is determined by whether its maxim can be universally accepted, irrespective of the outcome. 29:07 - Aristotle's Moral Theory (Eudaimonia): Aristotle argues that human beings have a unique purpose or function and that achieving eudaimonia (flourishing or fulfillment) is the ultimate goal. Eudaimonia is attained through the exercise of virtues and realizing one's potential as a rational being. You’re welcome! 😊

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