Views : 673,309
Genre: Education
Date of upload: Jun 20, 2023 ^^
Rating : 4.869 (1,072/31,683 LTDR)
RYD date created : 2024-05-05T20:57:59.365185Z
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Top Comments of this video!! :3
Just a point of clarification: The flame deflectors of launch pad 39A and 39B, during the Saturn and Shuttle eras, were steel frames covered in concrete. At least during a Saturn launch, approximately one foot of the concrete was ablated off of it. Also, the one shown in your graphic at about the 6:18 point is for the Ariane pad in French Guiana. It is a one sided deflector. The Saturn deflector split the exhaust to two sides.
Also, the flame trenches were initially lined with ceramic fire bricks to protect the underlying concrete. I don't know if that has been replaced by refractory concrete or some combination.
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I was part of the team that re-furbed the test stand at Edwards after Challenger failed. The mechanical systems to provide the water for cooling are impressive. The diverter there was hollow, with tens of thousands of holes in the "hot side" to shield the diverter surface from the flame with a "fog" discharge of water through the surface. The criteria was 5 million gallons of water, delivered in something like 3~5 minutes. The pump houses (there were two) had about 20,000 HP of pumps. The water into the diverter was carried in two 48" pipes. One of our guys took videos of the "dry run" (no flame) test of the water system. The audio can be heard "shut it down, shut it down!!!" once someone realized that without the flame, the water flew downhill into the sloped desert...right toward the tiny berg of Boron, CA. The "fishtail" bottom end of the diverter caused the water to jump right over the drainage canal that was supposed to carry off excess water. It was a fun project. Almost forgot to mention: we didn't determine the criteria for water flow, etc., but we were instructed that no material available (late 80's) could withstand the rocket blast, so the water protected the gantry, diverter, etc. When I saw the damage to the impact area of the flame, I wondered if the real problem was a mechanical one: not enough water? Pump fail?
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My dad worked on the designs of the launch pads and launchers for the Atlas missile. The issue of making reusable launch pads led to concrete turn buckets with refractor brick lining. Water flooding was developed latter by NASA at Cape Canaveral. The cost of a fleet of Atlas missiles pads that would be used once against the USSR led to the coffin launcher. This launcher had the missile horizontal until fueled, then erected to vertical for launch. The launcher was surrounded by a wall mostly to keep things out while waiting for years for a launch order that never came. If launched, the Atlas would destroy the launcher and surrounding wall. When the US went to silos for ICBMs there were extensive systems to direct the blast out the bottom of the silo and to vents outside the silo tube. This was intended to prevent the missile from destroying itself before leaving the silo. Over at the Soviet Cosmodrome the solution was brutally simple: dig a deep hole in the ground, canterleaver a platform over the hole, put rocket on platform. When the rocket took off the blast went into the hole and the effect on dirt in the bottom wasn't an issue.
Of course you cannot (as you pointed) out, economicly dig a giant hole at Cape Canaveral (Kennedy) or Boca Chica.
I cannot imagine that SpaceX didn't know that they had built an expendable launch pad. The question is do they want to pay for a reusable pad? It might be cheaper to build an expendable pad for each launch, just like the Atlas coffin launcher.
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The problem with boca chica site is its built on the rio grande flood plain. The sand is essentially delivered down the rio grande during historic floods that occurred before the two upsteam dams were built, falcon lake and lake amistad.
Within the sand laid down since the last ice age when sea levels were lower is a spongey like material with organic material and bacteria trapped in an anoxic environment. While the surface may look firm, putting pressure on the surface can cause the sand to become more maleable.
Now imagine, you have a set of rocket engines with their thrust vector pointing down at a sheet like structure laying over something that is hard agregate on top and spongey below.
The ISP of the engine is in the 350 range which we multiply a 9.8 m/s for and exhaust velocity of Mach10.
This does not reach the launch pad, but the rocket engines resonate and their wave functions create pulse waves that travel at hypersonic speed to the sheet of concrete. This is much like a sonicator used to clean off surface debris but a million times more powerful.
The sheet itself begins to vibrate and the substrate below begins to undergo liquifaction. The pad is now free to vibrate, and because concrete is fairly weak under stretching it just breaks up. Because of the nature of the sand below this causes the substrate to give and the action of the Ve on the concrete itself scours it away.
I am been to boca chica, i had the fortunate exoerience of sinking a car in that sand, Its not like other soils with tightening layers as you go down, its just goopy sand, often pitch black layers of bacteria laden sand. When they chose the site I pondered how they were going to stabilize the soil, just to build the equipment. They had problems with the soil in the begining because it was so wet and soft. They demonstrate some magical technique they use to dry things out. But look at boca chica, on any given day it looks dry and sand, until you get below the surface. The region has suffered from storm after storm, flood after flood. After hurricane allen, the main road up S. padre island was chopped into a dozen pieces, 8x8x8 blocks of granite were torn out nowhere to be found. There were tropical fish from the offshore island living in the large ponds that Allen created were the road used to be.
This is the nature of boca chica, its not stable, over thousands of years it gets torn up and completely rebuilt, what looks like dry land today is just an illusion.
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It's worth pointing out that one of the speculated reasons that there were so many engine failures that ultimately doomed the launch was because of debris from the launchpad striking the engines. So even without considering government regulations or neighbors, there is a strong reason for the company to build a more durable launchpad to protect the rocket itself.
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You have not mentioned the most interesting part.
- They said the problem is because the soil below the concrete slab compressed, and thus the concrete snapped and flames got through it. It would have been much less violent, if the concrete ablated as it was supposed to.
- I was hoping for analysis of that.
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@timeimp
10 months ago
Can we expect a "I built a small-scale Starship in my garage" clip? 😂
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