https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbitofrontal_cortex
The orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) is a prefrontal cortex region in the frontal lobes of the brain which is involved in the cognitive process of decision-making.In non-human primates it consists of the association cortex areas Brodmann area 11, 12 and 13; in humans it consists of Brodmann area 10, 11 and 47.. The OFC is functionally related to the ventromedial prefrontal cortex.

https://www.kenhub.com/en/library/anatomy/orbitofrontal-cortex
The orbitofrontal cortex is the ventral part of the frontal lobe that processes rewards and punishments. It receives inputs from all sensory modalities and has connections to the temporal lobe, cingulate cortex and other regions.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7749795/
The orbitofrontal cortex in primates including humans is the key brain area in emotion, and in the representation of reward value and in non-reward, that is not obtaining an expected reward. Cortical processing before the orbitofrontal cortex is about the identity of stimuli, i.e. 'what' is present, and not about reward value.

https://practicalpie.com/orbitofrontal-cortex/
The orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) is a prefrontal cortex region that plays a role in cognitive functions such as emotion, decision making, and social behavior. Learn about the causes and consequences of OFC damage, and how to diagnose it with neuroimaging techniques.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9253859/
The ease with which we do this relies on a region of the brain sitting directly above the eyes known as the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC). Scientists and neurologists first determined that this part of the brain was important for these abilities by studying people who lacked a properly functioning OFC. People with OFC damage often make disastrous

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8171116/
Abstract. One of the most important factors in decision making is estimating the value of available options. Subregions of the prefrontal cortex, including the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), have been deemed essential for this process. Value computations require a complex integration across numerous dimensions, including, reward magnitude, effort

https://www.nature.com/articles/nrn1747
The orbitofrontal cortex is among the least understood regions of the human brain, but has been proposed to be involved in sensory integration, in representing the affective value of reinforcers

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41380-023-02380-w
Functional specialization of the human medial and lateral orbitofrontal cortex. The OFC is the key brain area in humans involved in emotion, where emotions can be analyzed as states elicited by

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-023-38671-7
The ability to respond flexibly to an ever-changing environment relies on the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC). However, how the OFC associates sensory information with predicted outcomes to enable

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33364600/
The human medial orbitofrontal cortex represents many different types of reward, and the lateral orbitofrontal cortex represents non-reward and punishment. Not obtaining an expected reward can lead to sadness, and feeling depressed. The concept is advanced that an important brain region in depression is the orbitofrontal cortex, with depression

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30253144/
The orbitofrontal cortex is a large and heterogeneous cortical area on the ventral surface of the frontal lobe and is intimately involved in emotion and executive function. In this Primer, Peter Rudebeck and Erin Rich summarize our understanding of the mechanisms through which orbitofrontal cortex adaptively shapes decision making and affective

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1074742723000746
The orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) is regarded as one of the core brain areas in a variety of value-based behaviors. Over the past two decades, tremendous knowledge about the OFC function was gained from studying the behaviors of single subjects. As a result, our previous understanding of the OFC's function of encoding decision variables, such as

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301008204000395
The orbitofrontal cortex may be conceptualised as receiving the outputs of all the "what" processing systems, including those that specify primary reinforcers including those produced by taste and somatosensory input (Rolls, 1999a, Rolls and Deco, 2002). In this respect, the orbitofrontal cortex is a unique cortical area.

https://link.springer.com/referenceworkentry/10.1007/978-3-319-24612-3_451
The orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) is a part of the prefrontal cortex involved in sensory, cognitive, emotional, and motivational processes. It is linked to learning, reward, decision-making, aggression, personality, mood disorder, substance abuse, eating behavior, and obsessive-compulsive disorder.

https://www.cell.com/current-biology/fulltext/S0960-9822(18)30917-5
The orbitofrontal cortex is a large and heterogeneous cortical area on the ventral surface of the frontal lobe and is intimately involved in emotion and executive function. In this Primer, Peter Rudebeck and Erin Rich summarize our understanding of the mechanisms through which orbitofrontal cortex adaptively shapes decision making and affective behavior.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15157726/
The human orbitofrontal cortex is an important brain region for the processing of rewards and punishments, which is a prerequisite for the complex and flexible emotional and social behaviour which contributes to the evolutionary success of humans. Yet much remains to be discovered about the functions of this key brain region, and new evidence

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-021-04042-9
The orbitofrontal cortex maps future navigational goals. Raunak Basu, Robert Gebauer, Tim Herfurth, Simon Kolb, Zahra Golipour, Tatjana Tchumatchenko &. Hiroshi T. Ito. Nature 599 , 449-452

https://neuroscientificallychallenged.com/posts/know-your-brain-orbitofrontal-cortex
The orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) is a part of the prefrontal cortex that is involved in higher-order cognition, such as decision-making, impulse control and emotion. Learn about its location, connections, roles and how it is affected by damage or injury.

https://www.psychiatry.wisc.edu/courses/Nitschke/seminar/Rolls%20E.T.,%20Brain%20&%20Cognition%2055,%202004.pdf
The information which reaches the orbitofrontal cortex for these functions includes information about faces, and damage to the orbitofrontal cortex can impair face (and voice) expression iden-tification. This evidence thus shows that the orbitofrontal cortex is involved in decoding and representing some primary reinforcers

https://academic.oup.com/braincomms/article/2/2/fcaa196/5976759
The orbitofrontal cortex in primates including humans is the key brain area in emotion, and in the representation of reward value and in non-reward, that is not obtaining an expected reward. Cortical processing before the orbitofrontal cortex is about the identity of stimuli, i.e. 'what' is present, and not about reward value.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15134840/
The orbitofrontal cortex also receives information about the sight of objects from the temporal lobe cortical visual areas, and neurons in it learn and reverse the visual stimulus to which they respond when the association of the visual stimulus with a primary reinforcing stimulus (such as taste) is reversed. This is an example of stimulus

https://www.cell.com/cell-reports/fulltext/S2211-1247(21)01551-5
Mizrak et al. use fMRI to demonstrate that hippocampus and orbitofrontal cortex generalize across decisions that share the same task sub-structure compared with different task sub-structures. Results show that the hippocampus, in coordination with OFC, supports decision making by extracting structure from past experiences.

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-024-49652-9
Both the hippocampus and orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) play pivotal roles in this, demonstrating complex neural activity changes after associative learning. However, how precisely they contribute to

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10250292/
The human orbitofrontal cortex has connectivity to the hippocampal memory/navigation system that is both direct, and via the ventromedial area 10 regions (10r, 10d, 10v and 9m), pregenual anterior cingulate cortex, and the memory-related parts of the posterior cingulate cortex (Fig. 7).

https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.19.599779v1
The orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and the dorsal hippocampus (DH) are both proposed to encode a "cognitive map" that includes the representation of hierarchical, context-dependent, associations. However the causal role of the OFC and DH in the different functional properties of hierarchical associations remains controversial.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38902232/
Abstract. The ability to establish associations between environmental stimuli is fundamental for higher-order brain functions like state inference and generalization. Both the hippocampus and orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) play pivotal roles in this, demonstrating complex neural activity changes after associative learning.