https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ya9q-uN6y0A
UPDATED VERSION with more reps and better view of hand placement at a slower speed: https://youtu.be/3tXfAfR_wuAThese are excellent, gentle exercises for str

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7609854/
A C1-C2 joint has anatomically biconvex nature. Thus, flexion or extension movement in cervical spine often leads to motion in the opposite direction that is experienced in the atlas (Swartz et al., 2005). Rotation at C1-C0 joint is not possible due to the depth of the atlas sockets (Bogduk and Mercer, 2000). However, C1-C2 joint is possible.

https://www.flintrehab.com/c1-spinal-cord-injury/
Effects of a C1 Spinal Cord Injury. Since a C1 spinal cord injury is the highest level spinal cord injury that can occur, it has the possibility to affect the most functions. Although the effects of a C1 spinal cord injury may vary based on severity, many individuals experience the following: 1. Breathing Difficulties.

https://theprehabguys.com/cervicogenic-headache-exercises/
In the video above, Mike demonstrates a general upper cervical manipulation. While manual therapists like to be as specific as possible with their joint mobilizations, it's difficult to say whether we are gapping C0-C1 or C1-C2 or even C2-C3 joint. Next, I demonstrate some general soft tissue mobilization to obliquus capitis superior and

https://www.spinalcord.com/blog/c1-and-c2-vertebrae-the-basics-behind-the-worst-spinal-cord-injuries
C1 vs C2: Anatomy and Spinal Location. The cervical vertebrae known as C1 and C2 form the top of the spine (neck) at the base of the skull. These vertebrae are uniquely shaped and have vertebral foramen (spaces within the bone) which allow the vertebral arteries to reach through to the brain and supply it with blood.

https://practicalneurology.com/articles/2021-may/occipital-neuralgia-cervicogenic-headache
Occipital neuralgia and cervicogenic headache are causes of posterior-predominant headache treated in the outpatient setting. The clinical presentations of these 2 conditions have similar features because of converging anatomic pain pathways involving the nociceptive afferents of C1, C2, and C3 spinal nerves and the trigeminocervical complex.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WYgjwEWH95U
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https://www.spine-health.com/conditions/spine-anatomy/c1-c2-vertebrae-and-spinal-segment
The C1 and C2 vertebrae are the first two vertebrae at the top of the cervical spine. Together they form the atlantoaxial joint, which is a pivot joint. The C1 sits atop and rotates around C2 below. More of the head's rotational range of motion comes from C1-C2 than any other cervical joint. 1 Mead LB, Millhouse PW, Krystal J, Vaccaro AR.

https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/cervical-spondylosis/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20370792
A physical therapist can teach you exercises to help stretch and strengthen the muscles in your neck and shoulders. This can be one of the best treatments for the pain and stiffness. Some people with cervical spondylosis benefit from the use of traction, which can help provide more space within the spine if nerve roots are being pinched.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10870066/
Static strengthening exercises for cervical and lumbar flexors, extensors, and lateral flexors Strengthening exercises for cervical with blue theraband and for lumbar with weight cuffs of 1 kg. Engaging in strengthening routines using a yellow theraband. Difficulty in activities of daily living: To facilitate the ADLS: Task-specific training

https://centenoschultz.com/c1-c2-fusion/
Craniocervical instability (CCI) is when the upper neck levels of the spine are unstable (1). This is usually C1-C2, but can also be C0-C1. There are a number of strong ligaments that hold this area together which can be injured or loose and there are a slew of measurements used to determine if CCI is present.

https://musculoskeletalkey.com/upper-cervical-spine/
Movement analysis studies of the upper cervical spine (in vitro and in vivo) report a variable range of flexion-extension at the A-O joint. Combined findings would suggest that the range of flexion is approximately 3.5°-7.0° and the range of extension is between 16.5° and 21.0°.

https://www.physio-pedia.com/Cervical_Flexion-Rotation_Test
Purpose. The Cervical Flexion-Rotation Test (CFRT), in contrast to other forms of manual examination, is an easily applied clinical test purportedly biased to assess dysfunction at the C1-C2 motion segment. The C1-C2 motion segment accounts for 50% of the rotation in the cervical spine. [1]

https://www.verywellhealth.com/core-strength-training-abdominals-and-trunk-296866
These days core strengthening programs can be found in many forms and may be called by a variety of names including Pilates, lumbar stabilization, cervical stabilization, core support, and trunk exercises. Types of programs range from healthcare provider-prescribed (stabilization programs) to personal training sessions and gym workouts (Pilates

https://www.physio-pedia.com/The_Upper_Cervical_Spine_and_Cervicogenic_Headaches
Get Top Tips Tuesday and The Latest Physiopedia updates. Cervicogenic headache (CGH) is a chronic secondary headache that originates in the cervical spine.[1] The headache begins in the neck or occipital region and can refer to the face and head. The specific sources of CGH are any structures innervated by the C1 to C3 nerve roots.[2]

https://www.spine-health.com/conditions/spine-anatomy/cervical-vertebrae
Cervical Vertebrae. Seven cervical vertebrae, labeled C1 to C7, form the cervical spine from the base of the skull down to the top of the shoulders. At each level, the cervical vertebrae protect the spinal cord and work with muscles, tendons, ligaments, and joints to provide a combination of support, structure, and flexibility to the neck.

https://caringmedical.com/prolotherapy-news/neurologic-like-symptoms-conditions-cervical-spine-instability/
NOTE: Destabilization of C0-C1 or C1-C2 joints can lead to extremes of upper cervical instability with severe life-threatening neurologic sequelae and consequences that necessitate surgical consult. On several occasions, we have stopped a person in the middle of a motion x-ray examination because of how severe the instability was on the exam.

https://www.physio-pedia.com/C0-C2_axial_rotation_test
Assessment of C0-C2 rotation mobility is an important part in examination in people with cervical spine disorders and it is especially useful for the diagnosis of cervical headache.. The Flexion Rotation Test (FRT) is a valid and reliable measure of upper cervical mobility as it predominantly measures rotation between C1 and C2 vertebral level. However the test requires the subject to lie

https://caringmedical.com/prolotherapy-news/caring-cervical-realignment-therapy-ccrt/
Understanding a treatment path that restores cervical spine instability and cervical lordosis. The cervical spine is a very complex area. The blood highway from the heart to the brain must travel through and around the vertebrae and bones of the neck, and also must the vast neurological networks and nervous systems which must also map out a

https://www.orthobullets.com/spine/2015/atlas-fractures-and-transverse-ligament-injuries
Summary. Atlas Fractures & Transverse Ligament Injuries are traumatic injuries usually caused by high-energy trauma with axial loading in young patients (Jefferson Fracture) or low-energy falls in elderly. Due to the capacious nature of the spinal canal at this level these injuries usually present with neck pain without neurological deficits.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VTX8sOFKfhA
https://bodymaster-method.mykajabi.com/cervical-masterclassIn this video, John demonstrates how to actively assess the cervical spine for range of motion and

https://www.endoscopy-campus.com/en/classifications/prague-classification-barrett-esophagus/
The Prague classification was presented by an international research group in 2006 (1) and has since been regarded as the standard for measuring the length of Barrett's esophagus. The lower measurement boundary is formed by the proximal cardial notch (optimally with moderate insufflation), and the two upper measurement boundaries are marked by the proximal limit of the circumferential

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cervical_vertebrae
Contents. Cervical vertebrae. Position of human cervical vertebrae (shown in red). It consists of 7 bones, from top to bottom, C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6, and C7. In tetrapods, cervical vertebrae ( sg.: vertebra) are the vertebrae of the neck, immediately below the skull. Truncal vertebrae (divided into thoracic and lumbar vertebrae in mammals) lie