https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e01L0ObaUF8
Today we take a brief look at the short but vicious campaign in the Caribbean to secure, or destroy, Allied trade.Sources:https://www.amazon.co.uk/exec/obido

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_the_Caribbean
The Battle of the Caribbean refers to a naval campaign waged during World War II that was part of the Battle of the Atlantic, from 1941 to 1945. German U-boats and Italian submarines attempted to disrupt the Allied supply of oil and other material. They sank shipping in the Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of Mexico and attacked coastal targets in the Antilles.

https://daily.jstor.org/the-world-war-ii-escape-route-from-france-to-martinique/
June 30, 2021. 2 minutes. The icon indicates free access to the linked research on JSTOR. After the fall of France to Germany in 1940, the "best avenue of escape" for those fleeing the Nazis from the southern part of the country was by boat from Marseilles to Martinique, which was a French colony at the time. Conditions were harsh.

https://www.usni.org/magazines/proceedings/1954/september/battle-caribbean
The Battle of the Caribbean lasted nine and a half months—from February 16, 1942, to November 30, 1942. In that comparatively brief time, German submarines torpedoed 263 ships in the Caribbean and its approaches, with a gross tonnage of 1,362,278. It is a little known, or at least neglected, fact that the sinkings in the Caribbean during this

https://oxfordre.com/latinamericanhistory/abstract/10.1093/acrefore/9780199366439.001.0001/acrefore-9780199366439-e-1129
Nazi Germany's aggressiveness in the Caribbean was strategic. In 1942 Aruba, Curaçao, and the Venezuelan oil fields and refineries provided roughly 95 percent of the oil required to sustain the East Coast of the United States—59 million gallons a day. The supply of bauxite from British Guiana and Surinam was crucial for the war effort.

https://www.bbc.co.uk/teach/articles/zn96d6f
The forgotten story. When Britain called on the Caribbean for support in World War Two, more than 10,000 men and women crossed the Atlantic in response. In Lancashire factories, airfields in Kent

https://history.army.mil/books/wwii/Guard-US/ch16.htm
that the total strength, which at the end of November 1941 had amounted to about 21,200 men, had risen to only 22,000 at the end of February 1942. 10 The naval forces available for purposes of local defense were, like the Army garrison, concentrated in the Panama area, where Rear Adm. F. H. Sadler, Commander Panama Naval Coastal Frontier, had at his disposal a small and motley force of patrol

https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-349-73773-4_4
Abstract. The outbreak of war in September 1939 in Europe had tremendous repercussions in the Caribbean. Germany's invasion of Poland and the declaration of war by France and Britain had an immediate impact on the European colonies in the western hemisphere, which further deepened when the German war machine rapidly occupied Western Europe.

https://academic.oup.com/book/4386/chapter/146332661
World War II interjected a new player into the relationship between France and the Antilles: the United States. Although the United States had been the major power in the Caribbean since the Spanish-American War in 1898, the American government had few dealings with Martinique and Guadeloupe in the early twentieth century. The American government offered humanitarian aid in the wake of various

https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/windrush-75/second-world-war-military-records-relating-to-the-caribbean/
The service records for individuals who served in the Second World War may be difficult to find for a number of reasons. The first is that certain types of record with personal information are closed for the lifetime of individuals. A 'lifetime' is usually assumed to be 100 years. For records with details of medical information for example

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/14788810.2012.719323
10. Martin Thomas has demonstrated the importance of using State Department records and US Consular files in understanding the postwar period in French West Africa and US involvement with decolonization in the French Empire in his "Innocent Abroad? Decolonisation and US Engagement with French West Africa, 1945-56," 47-73.

https://www.uwipress.com/9789766406240/world-war-ii-and-the-caribbean/
World War II and the Caribbean; World War II and the Caribbean. Edited by Karen E. Eccles and Debbie McCollin. Contributions by Dalea Bean, Bridget Brereton, Geoff Burrows, Esther Captain, Christian Cwik, Robert Devaux, Guy Ellis, Lovell Francis, Suzanne Francis-Brown, Dannelle Gutarra, Jolien Harmsen, Eric T. Jennings, Guno Jones, Gelien

https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/comparative-studies-in-society-and-history/article/oil-in-the-caribbean-refineries-mangroves-and-the-negative-ecologies-of-crude-oil/5B2A001544973C5291E2161550802581
During World War II, the Royal Dutch Shell refinery on Curaçao became the largest refinery in the world, followed closely by Standard Oil of New Jersey's refinery on Aruba. These two massive Caribbean refineries provided over 80 percent of the Allies' aviation and naval fuel and attracted concerted attacks from German U-boats.

https://nacla.org/article/caribbean-movements-then-and-now-labor-view
The forces of global capital and reaction led by Ronald Reagan and Margaret Thatcher were handed a gift on a platter. These successive waves of setbacks had a profound impact throughout the Caribbean. Most of the small but influential left-wing organizations disappeared in the aftermath of Grenada.

https://academic.oup.com/book/36667/chapter/321691879
People read them avidly, and they passed on what they read, whether through snatches of conversation among French sailors in quayside bars or by whispered messages passed between slaves as they worked the sugar cane. 1 But the root causes of revolt were much more deep-seated, owing far more to the harsh reality of life on the plantations and

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Caribbean
West Indian Women at War: British Racism in World War II (1991) online Archived 2020-03-22 at the Wayback Machine; Bush, Barbara. Slave Women in Caribbean Society: 1650-1838 (1990) Cromwell, Jesse. "More than Slaves and Sugar: Recent Historiography of the Trans-imperial Caribbean and Its Sinew Populations." History Compass (2014) 12#10 pp 770

https://brill.com/view/journals/nwig/96/1-2/article-p169_24.xml
José L. Bolívar Fresneda, The Caribbean Front in World War II: The Untold Story of U-Boats, Spies, and Economic Warfare.Princeton NJ: Markus Wiener Publishers, 2021. xii + 273 pp. (Paper US $ 26.95). José L. Bolívar's The Caribbean Front in World War II offers the most complete examination to date of the Nazi submarine campaign in the Caribbean and its effect on the various societies of

https://www.academia.edu/44912969/HOW_DOMINICA_HELPED_TO_SAVE_GUADELOUPE_AND_MARTINIQUE_DURING_WORLD_WAR_TWO
In the 20th century the Caribbean was again important during World War II, in the decolonization wave during the postwar period, and in the tension between Communist Cuba and the United States. ... the French introduced sugar plantations on Guadeloupe, an industry which resulted in the importation of African slaves and ushered in an era of

https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/economic-history-of-the-caribbean-since-the-napoleonic-wars/737ACF418BDEF20073F6779549A1F7F6
This book examines the economic history of the Caribbean in the two hundred years since the Napoleonic Wars and is the first analysis to span the whole region. It is divided into three parts, each centered around a particular case study: the first focuses on the nineteenth century ('The Age of Free Trade'); the second considers the period up to

https://www.reddit.com/r/MilitaryHistory/comments/vnp9dk/the_caribbean_in_ww2_oil_sugar_and_the_french/
Business, Economics, and Finance. GameStop Moderna Pfizer Johnson & Johnson AstraZeneca Walgreens Best Buy Novavax SpaceX Tesla. Crypto

https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/law-and-social-inquiry/article/across-oceans-and-revolutions-law-and-slavery-in-french-saintdomingue-and-beyond/BA08291DB21FA307380AE6B457B2C8F0
The Caribbean‐born French jurist Jean‐Baptiste Thibault de Chanvalon cited John Locke's writing on law in Pennsylvania, ... Saint‐Domingue was the engine that drove the French economy through its reliance on a brutal slave regime to produce sugar, coffee, indigo, and cotton for growing European markets. The colony was a demographic

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indo-Caribbeans
Indo-Caribbeans or Indian-Caribbeans are people in the Caribbean who are descendants of the Jahaji indentured laborers from India and the wider subcontinent, who were brought by the British, Dutch, and French during the colonial era from the mid-19th century to the early 20th century. A minority of them are descendants from people who immigrated as entrepreneurs, businesspeople, merchants

https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/u20i6t/why_did_french_colonies_in_the_caribbean_produce/
The rhum market suffered again during the Depression. But by then the "rhum agricole" had become a major product of the French Caribbean distilleries: before WW2, Martinique produced more rhum agricole than rhum industriel. After the war, the economy of the French Caribbean saw a new decline of the sugar industry, replaced by banana production.