https://radiopaedia.org/articles/os-trigonum
The os trigonum (plural: ossa trigona) is one of the ossicles of the foot and can be mistaken for a fracture. It sits posterior to the talus on the lateral foot radiograph and represents a failure of fusion of the lateral tubercle of the posterior process. It is estimated to be present in ~7% of adults 1. Bilateral os trigona are seen in 2% of

https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/24549-os-trigonum-syndrome
Os Trigonum Syndrome. Os trigonum syndrome (posterior ankle impingement) can affect people with an extra bone behind the ankle called the os trigonum. Injury or repetitive stress can lead to ankle pain and stiffness. It's more common in runners, dancers and soccer players. Rest and other strategies often help, but surgical removal of the bone

https://www.physio-pedia.com/The_Os_Trigonum_Syndrome
Definition/Description. Sagittal T1-weighted MR image in plantar flexion showing the "nutcracker-phenomenon". The os trigonum together with surrounding soft tissues are wedged between talus, calcaneus and tibia. The Os Trigonum Syndrome refers to pain posterior of the ankle and reduced plantarflexion caused by "the nutcracker-phenomenon".

https://radiopaedia.org/articles/talocalcaneal-coalition
posterior facet type. extra-articular: with or without os sustentaculi. Associations. pes planus with middle facet coalition 7. pes cavus with posterior facet coalition 7. Radiographic features. As with any coalition, it may be bony, cartilaginous or fibrous. Talocalcaneal coalition often requires cross-sectional imaging for accurate diagnosis

https://radsource.us/posterior-ankle-impingement/
Diagnosis. Posterior Ankle Impingement (Os Trigonum Syndrome) Introduction. Ankle impingement is defined as entrapment of an anatomic structure that leads to pain and decreased range of motion of the ankle, and can be classified as either soft tissue or osseous. 1 Posterior ankle impingement syndrome refers to a group of abnormal entities that result from repetitive or acute forced plantar

https://radsource.us/developmental-talocalcaneal-coalitions-and-associated-conditions/
2b. 2c. 2d. Figure 2: The AP radiograph (2A) demonstrates a talocalcaneal coalition (arrow). This is confirmed on the coronal CT image (2B), which demonstrates an extra-articular, non-osseous coalition located just posterior to the middle facets of the talus and calcaneus with an os sustentaculum (arrow).

https://cdn.mdedge.com/files/s3fs-public/Document/September-2017/038050252.pdf
sed with pos-terolateral talus by synchondrosis or syndesmosis). Diagnosis of os trigonum. yndrome is based primar-ily on clinical. examination and history. Imaging findings support the diagnosis. Patients typically complain of posterior ankle pain between the Achilles and peroneal tendons exace. bated by forced plantar flexion or wearing of.

https://www.podiatric.theclinics.com/article/S0891-8422(20)30141-5/pdf
INTRODUCTION. In 1804, Rosenmuller first described the os trigonum as an accessory ossicle that failed to fuse to the posterolateral talar process.1 Literature indicates that the preva-lence of os trigonum syndrome ranges from 1.7% to 7%.2 The talus bone has 2 pos-terior tubercles with a central groove. Lateral tubercle of the posterior talus

https://www.podiatric.theclinics.com/article/S0891-8422(20)30141-5/fulltext
Introduction. In 1804, Rosenmuller first described the os trigonum as an accessory ossicle that failed to fuse to the posterolateral talar process. Literature indicates that the prevalence of os trigonum syndrome ranges from 1.7% to 7%. The talus bone has 2 posterior tubercles with a central groove. Lateral tubercle of the posterior talus, or

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33745657/?i=10&from=mcalister%20je
Os trigonum is an ossicle like many other ossicles in the foot and ankle. Individuals who require repetitive plantarflexion of the ankle for activity may develop symptom … This article offers an overview of os trigonum syndrome, complications, operative techniques, and the authors' preferred protocol.

https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-031-05190-6_13
The lateral tubercle of the posterior process has a secondary ossification center that mineralizes between 7 and 13 years of age. In most, this secondary ossification center fuses with the talus within a year of appearance; however, in 7-14% of the population, it may remain as a separated ossicle called the os trigonum (Fig. 13.3a, b).The anterior surface of the os trigonum connects with the

https://medschool.cuanschutz.edu/docs/librariesprovider65/foot-ankle/patient-handouts/ankle/os-trigonum.pdf?sfvrsn=593573bb_2
Plain x-rays of the foot and ankle from the side may demonstrate an extra fragment of bone extending from the back of the talus (os trigonum). This is quite a common finding on x-ray, although most os trigonums are asymptomatic. Other sources of pain leading to posterior ankle impingement include bone spurs, or evidence of arthritic changes

https://radiopaedia.org/cases/os-trigonum-syndrome
Case Discussion. Os trigonum syndrome is generally considered synonymous with posterior ankle impingement syndrome, although the latter can occur without the presence of an os trigonum, many of the other features of soft tissue inflammation are the same. Os trigonum are a common finding, and are usually asymptomatic - in this case, however

https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2007/1001/p975.html
Potentially painful normal variants, such as accessory tarsal navicular and os trigonum, have been described with chronic foot pain. 16, 17 The accessory tarsal navicular is situated adjacent to

https://www.ajronline.org/doi/full/10.2214/AJR.18.20761
Clinically, os trigonum syndrome is a diagnosis of exclusion, and other causes of posterior ankle pain must be considered, including posterior ankle impingement from a large Stieda process or accessory soleus muscle, flexor hallucis longus tenosynovitis from another cause, talocalcaneal coalition, subtalar osteoarthritis, and stress fracture

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8697201/
Removal of a symptomatic os trigonum or treatment of a nonunion of a posterior talar process fracture, or a fractured OT-involved partial detachment of the posterior talofibular ligament, release of the flexor retinaculum, and release of the posterior talocalcaneal ligament (Figure 3). The os trigonum was lifted from the subtalar joint by means

https://www.foot.theclinics.com/article/S1083-7515(04)00060-9/fulltext
There is a wide variation in the nomenclature for the posterior aspect of the talus (eg, os trigonum, trigonal process, Stieda process, posterior process). Injuries to these structures can be caused by chronic, repetitive impingement of the bony prominence or by acute hyperplantar flexion of the foot and ankle. After failing appropriate nonoperative treatment, surgical excision of the bony

https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/24730114241241326
The posterior subtalar joint is readily visible along with calcaneal articular surface after resection of the os trigonum or Stieda process. The posterolateral recess of the subtalar joint inferior to the PTFL and lateral gutter medial to the calcaneal fibular ligament were inspected and soft tissue impingement debrided as necessary.

https://radiopaedia.org/articles/os-trigonum?case_id=subtalar-osteoarthritis-bilateral&lang=us
The os trigonum (plural: ossa trigona) is one of the ossicles of the foot and can be mistaken for a fracture. It sits posterior to the talus on the lateral foot radiograph and represents a failure of fusion of the lateral tubercle of the poster... The os trigonum (plural: ossa trigona) is one of the ossicles of the foot and can be mistaken for

https://www.sportsmedreview.com/blog/os-trigonum-syndrome/
Os trigonum syndrome, sometimes called posterior ankle impingement syndrome (PAIS), is a potentially underrecognized condition and cause of posterior ankle pain. This has been increasing in clinical practice secondary to awareness, increased interest in physical fitness and the use of exercise machines. The name comes from an accessory ossicle

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7431516/
The os trigonum and talus often articulate. The mobility produces a folding of the joint capsule, occurrence of joint fluid, and conflict with the synovial sheath of the flexor hallucis longus tendon or Kager's fat pad. BME usually occurs both in the os trigonum and the adjacent part of the talus (Fig. (Fig.21) 21) if it is symptomatic .

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10981862/
A total of 111 ankles were studied—74 os trigonum and 37 Stieda. Isolated trigonal disorders accounted for 15.3% of PAIS (n = 17). Cases having associated conditions had a mode of 3 additional pathologies. FHL disorders were found in 69.4%, subtalar impingement in 32.4%, posteromedial ankle synovitis in 25.2%, posterolateral ankle synovitis

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZGC6Vgq2jgk
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