https://www.merckvetmanual.com/poultry/newcastle-disease-and-other-paramyxovirusinfections/newcastle-disease-in-poultry
Newcastle disease is a severe, systemic, and fatal viral disease of poultry due to virulent strains of avian paramyxovirus type 1. Clinical signs in unvaccinated birds include sudden death, lethargy, and respiratory distress. Diagnosis is based on laboratory confirmation. Vaccines prevent clinical signs but not infection, and the control of the

https://www.aphis.usda.gov/livestock-poultry-disease/avian/virulent-newcastle
Last Modified: April 06, 2024. Virulent Newcastle disease, formerly known as exotic Newcastle disease, is a contagious and fatal viral disease of birds and poultry. It attacks their respiratory, nervous, and digestive systems. Many birds and poultry die without showing any clinical signs. Virulent Newcastle disease is not a food safety concern.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virulent_Newcastle_disease
Virulent Newcastle disease (VND), formerly exotic Newcastle disease, is a contagious viral avian disease affecting many domestic and wild bird species; it is transmissible to humans. Though it can infect humans, most cases are non-symptomatic; rarely it can cause a mild fever and influenza-like symptoms and/or conjunctivitis in humans.

https://www.woah.org/en/disease/newcastle-disease/
Newcastle disease. Newcastle disease (ND) is a highly contagious and often severe disease found worldwide that affects birds including domestic poultry. It is caused by virulent strains of avian paramyxovirus type 1. The disease appears in three forms: lentogenic or mild, mesogenic or moderate and velogenic or very virulent, also called

https://extension.psu.edu/newcastle-disease-avian-paramyxovirus-1
Newcastle disease is an important poultry disease because it is endemic in many areas worldwide, including Asia, Africa, and parts of North and South America. Chickens are the most susceptible species and can experience 100% mortality with velogenic strains within 24 - 48 hours. Newcastle disease causes a significant economic impact

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9701384/
Newcastle disease (ND) is an important poultry infectious disease with a history of nearly a century that has caused at least four panzootics globally [ 1 ]. ND is caused by virulent Newcastle disease virus (NDV) strains. The first panzootic, from the 1930s to 1960s, was caused by viruses of genotypes I, II, III and IV.

https://poultry.extension.org/articles/poultry-health/common-poultry-diseases/newcastle-disease-in-poultry/
Newcastle disease is characterized by a sudden onset of symptoms, which include hoarse chirps (in chicks), watery discharge from the nostrils, labored breathing (gasping), facial swelling, paralysis, trembling, and twisting of the neck. The twisting of the neck, or torticollis , is a sign that the central nervous system is affected.

https://www.drugs.com/vet/newcastle-disease-vaccine-b1-type-lasota-strain.html
Newcastle Disease Vaccine (B1 Type, LaSota Strain) Caution. The capability of this vaccine to produce satisfactory results depends upon many factors, including - but not limited to - conditions of storage and handling by the user, administration of the vaccine, health and responsiveness of individual chickens, and degree of field exposure

https://veterinaryresearch.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13567-022-01118-w
Newcastle disease (ND) is one of the most economically devastating infectious diseases affecting the poultry industry. Virulent Newcastle disease virus (NDV) can cause high mortality and severe tissue lesions in the respiratory, gastrointestinal, neurological, reproductive and immune systems of poultry. Tremendous progress has been made in preventing morbidity and mortality caused by ND based

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7127793/
Newcastle disease (ND) is a highly infectious viral disease of avian species. ND infection has been reported from a wide variety of birds with varying degree of susceptibility ( Kaleta and Baldauf, 1988 ). ND was first reported from Indonesia in 1926 and in the New Castle upon Tyne in England in 1927 ( Doyle, 1927, Kraneveld, 1926 ).

https://www.aphis.usda.gov/sites/default/files/fs-vnd.pdf
Early detection and testing of possible cases of virulent Newcastle disease is critical to preventing a large-scale outbreak. Contact your agricultural extension office/agent, local veterinarian, local animal health diagnostic laboratory, or the State veterinarian. Or, call USDA toll free at 1-866-536-7593, and we'll put you in touch with a

https://www.aphis.usda.gov/sites/default/files/bro-protect-poultry-from-vnd.pdf
Virulent Newcastle disease1 is a fatal viral disease that can affect any bird species. It spreads so quickly that many birds die without showing any signs of illness. It's one of the most contagious diseases in the world for poultry: it can infect and cause death even in vaccinated birds. PROTECT YOUR POULTRY FROM VIRULENT NEWCASTLE DISEASE

https://www.ars.usda.gov/southeast-area/athens-ga/us-national-poultry-research-center/exotic-emerging-avian-viral-diseases-research/docs/newcastle-disease/
Newcastle Disease . Newcastle disease (ND), called exotic Newcastle disease (END) in the U. S., is the more important of the two clinical disease forms caused by Newcastle disease virus (NDV) infections of poultry and other bird species and is a world wide threat to poultry production. The cause of END is an infection with a virulent NDV strain

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9378970/
Introduction. Newcastle disease (ND), which is caused by infections of poultry species with virulent strains of Newcastle disease virus (NDV), also known as avian paramyxovirus 1 (APMV-1), may cause acute, virulent, and highly contagious infectious diseases of poultry, characterized by damage to the digestive tract and central nervous system ().It not only restricts the development of the

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23050461/
Newcastle disease (ND) is a major threat to the international poultry industry, causing bird mortality, reduction in growth and egg production, and trade restrictions. The primary strategy available to the poultry industry to control virulent Newcastle disease virus (NDV), the causative agent of ND, is vaccination.

https://www.britannica.com/science/Newcastle-disease
Newcastle disease, a serious viral disease of birds caused by a paramyxovirus and marked by respiratory and nervous system problems. Some adult birds recover, although mortality rates are high in tropical and subtropical regions. Young chickens are especially susceptible and rarely survive. Signs are variable in turkeys and almost absent in ducks.

https://extension.msstate.edu/publications/newcastle-disease-backyard-chickens
Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is an acute, rapidly spreading viral disease that affects domestic poultry (chickens and turkeys) and many other birds. NDV is caused by a Paramyxoviridae virus and is named after Newcastle-on-Tyne, England, where it occurred in 1927. The pathogenicity of NDV strains varies greatly depending on the host, the type

https://www.aphis.usda.gov/animal-disease/avian/virulent-newcastle
Virulent Newcastle Disease (DELETE - EXTRA SHELL) Virulent Newcastle Disease (DELETE - EXTRA SHELL) Last Modified: September 17, 2023. Print. aphis.usda.gov. An official website of the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Tools. Agricultural Commodity Import Requirements (ACIR)

https://www.petmd.com/bird/conditions/respiratory/c_bd_Newcastle_Disease
Newcastle Disease Newcastle disease is a viral infection that is usually seen in poultry, but it can also affect pet birds. Newcastle disease, which causes various lung and airway disorders in birds, unfortunately has no cure or treatment for it. Birds affected with this disease can also quickly spread the infection to healthy birds.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5659000/
Introduction. Newcastle disease (ND) occurs in poultry and can have devastating economic effects on global domestic poultry production. Newcastle disease virus (NDV) was previously synonymous with avian paramyxovirus type 1 (APMV-1); however, due to changes in taxonomy is now referred to as avian avulavirus [].Avian avulavirus and NDV are used interchangeably in this manuscript.

https://www.invasivespeciesinfo.gov/terrestrial/pathogens-and-diseases/virulent-newcastle-disease
The United States Department of Agriculture's (USDA) Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) is announcing that effective today, we are transitioning our virulent Newcastle disease (vND) efforts in southern California from a response focus to implementing a prevention plan aimed at keeping vND from recurring in the region. Even with extensive testing taking place, APHIS has not

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6520322/
Newcastle disease (ND) infects wild birds and poultry species worldwide, severely impacting the economics of the poultry industry. ND is especially problematic in Latin America (Mexico, Colombia, Venezuela, and Peru) where it is either endemic or re-emerging. The disease is caused by infections with one of the different strains of virulent

https://www.aphis.usda.gov/nvap/reference-guide/poultry/end
NVAP Reference Guide: Table of Contents. END is a contagious and fatal disease affecting all species of birds. Previously known as velogenic viscerotropic Newcastle disease, END is one of the most infectious diseases of poultry in the world. The mortality in unvaccinated birds can reach 100 percent, and birds may die without any clinical signs