https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dr3zQRXzuvY
From the http://www.VideoSource.com Global Village Travel Guide and DVD, "Brazil". Stock footage available from http://videosource.com/search.html Transcri

https://www.britannica.com/topic/Macumba
Macumba, Afro-Brazilian religion that is characterized by a marked syncretism of traditional African religions, European culture, Brazilian Spiritualism, and Roman Catholicism.Of the several Macumba sects, the most important are Candomblé and Umbanda.. African elements in Macumba rituals include an outdoor ceremonial site, the sacrifice of animals (such as cocks), spirit offerings (such as

https://www.learnreligions.com/umbanda-religion-4777681
The Afro-Brazilian religion of Umbanda can trace much of its foundation back to traditional West African practices brought to South America by enslaved peoples. Practitioners of Umbanda honor a supreme creator god, Olorun, as well as orixas and other spirits. Rituals may include dancing and drumming, chanting, and spirit communication work to

https://www.npr.org/sections/parallels/2013/09/16/216890587/brazilian-believers-of-hidden-religion-step-out-of-shadows
"Here in Brazil you can see it everywhere; to be beautiful you have to be straight-haired and be fair-haired." She says the fight for equality is ongoing, and protecting Afro-Brazilian religious

https://nowinrio.com/candomble-the-rhythm-of-religion/
As mães de santo or priestesses, these women hold significant spiritual and community authority, guiding macumba ritual, nurturing new practitioners, and maintaining the religion africana umbanda. The vibrant Brazilian candomble is a testament to the dynamism and resilience of its followers.

https://www.learnreligions.com/candomble-4692500
Macumba is a general umbrella term that refers to all Bantu-related religions practiced in Brazil; Candomblé falls under the Macumba umbrella as do Giro and Mesa Blanca. Non-practitioners sometimes refer to Macumba as a form of witchcraft or black magic, though practitioners deny this. ... Candomble Umbanda ceremony in Salvador. Cigar and

https://theculturetrip.com/south-america/brazil/articles/a-brief-introduction-to-macumba
Sarah Brown 18 January 2018. Literally defined as a type of African tree and a musical instrument, Macumba has come to be a type of spiritual practice, as well as a term for witchcraft. Brought to Brazil along with slavery in the 16th century, the Christian church attempted to wipe out its practice. However, it continued to flourish, and

https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1086/518811
00-Text_HR46-4. Kelly E. Hayes. BLACK MAGIC AND THE ACADEMY: MACUMBA. AND. AFRO-BRAZILIAN "ORTHODOXIES". new year's eve tribute to yemanjá. Every New Year's Eve in Rio de Janeiro, hundreds of Cariocas dressed head-to-toe in white converge along the city's miles of beachfront to honor Yemanjá, the Afro-Brazilian goddess of the sea.

https://www.travel-brazil-selection.com/informations/brazilian-culture/religion/candomble/
Contrary to popular belief, Candomblé is a monotheistic religion, only the names of the deities change according to their country of origin. The number of main deities honored in major Brazilian cities is estimated at sixteen. During the ceremonies, orixás are called to enter the " landiros " by song and dance, but also thanks to sacred

https://www.ucis.pitt.edu/clas/content/brief-overview-candombl%C3%A9-and-umbanda
Candomblé is (1) the Afro-Brazilian religious cults of Bahia, with origins in Yoruban religious ritual and belief, created by African slaves and their descendants; (2) the ceremonies honoring the Yoruban orixás; (3) the temple or cult center where the ceremonies are held. (Landes, p. 249). Umbanda is a cult that emerged in Rio de Janeiro in

https://sacredart.caaar.duke.edu/religions/brazilian-candomble-and-umbanda/
Brazilian Candomblé and Umbanda. Brazil's Atlantic coast from Belém do Pará in the north to Rio de Janeiro in the south is an Afro-Atlantic civilization, built and animated by its African-descended majority. While most of this massive region's inhabitants are also Roman Catholic, many also practice African-inspired religions, such as

https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1525/nr.2012.15.4.13
First, Umbanda is distanced from Africa: "Umbanda is not a black religion; in this sense, it is opposed to Candomblé."4Second, it is linked to the specifically Brazilian context: "If 'Candomblé' and 'Macumba' are African religions, the Spiritism of Umbanda is, on the contrary, a—I would say the—national religion of Brazil

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macumba
Macumba (Portuguese pronunciation: [maˈkũᵐbɐ]) is a generic term for various Afro-Brazilian religions, the practitioners of which are them called macumbeiros.These terms are generally regarded as having negative connotations, comparable to an English term like "black magic".In a broader sense, the term Macumba is used for most Afro-Brazilian religious traditions, including Candomblé and

https://perspectivesinanthropology.com/candomble-macumba-ritual-and-jare-in-brazil-2/
Candomblé, Macumba Ritual, and Jaré were brought to Brazil predominately by the slaves from Nigeria, Togo, Benin of the West Coast of Africa and it was practiced around Salvador where the slave ships first landed. These slaves came from the Massai, Jeje, Keto and Nagõ nations and were the main practitioners of Candomblé while the Bantus

https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9sv5d15j
Founded at the turn of the 20th century and initially ostracized by the Brazilian elite along with other African derived practices(e.g. Candomble, Macumba, Capoeira and samba), Umbanda was declared an official religion in the 1960's and a decade later achieved status as a national symbol.

https://thesevenworlds.wordpress.com/2014/09/22/brazilian-macumba/
Macumba "Macumba" (also known as Quimbanda) is the everyday term used by Brazilians in Rio de Janeiro to describe two types of African spirit worship: Candomble (followed in northern State of Bahia) and Umbanda (a newer form originating in Niteroi in the southern State of Rio de Janeiro). Macumba originated with enslaved Africans shipped to

https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2015/02/06/what-do-afro-brazilian-religions-actually-believe/
February 6, 2015 at 3:30 a.m. EST. Candomblé is a Brazilian religion developed from animist beliefs, imported by African slaves. But the quasi-respectability gained in recent decades is now under

https://candombleusa.wordpress.com/2010/06/27/candomble-umbanda-e-macumba-oh-my/
Umbanda: A Brazilian religion based on Indigenous Brazilian, European and African elements that cultivates spiritual entities. In the U.S., most people recognize the spirits that Umbanda deals with as Muertos (spirits of the dead), and some practices may be similar to Espiritismo.

https://www.nytimes.com/1983/08/21/magazine/macumba.html
The varying types of macumba practiced throughout Brazil confer different degrees of authority on the children, fathers and mothers of saints with candomble being the most reverential.

https://occult-world.com/macumba/
Macumba. Macumba The Brazilian form of Vodun and Santería, or the worship of the ancient African gods through spIrIt possession and Magic. There is no "macumba" religion; the word is an umbrella term for the two principal forms of African spirit worship in Brazil: Candomblé and Umbanda. Macumba sometimes refers to black magic, but that is

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quimbanda
Quimbanda, also spelled Kimbanda ( Portuguese pronunciation: [kĩˈbɐ̃dɐ] ), is an Afro-Brazilian religion practiced primarily in the urban city centers of Brazil . Quimbanda focuses on male spirits called exús as well as their female counterparts, pomba giras. Pomba giras are often regarded as the spirits of deceased women who worked as

https://trace.tennessee.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1088&context=utk_interstp2
University of Tennessee, Knoxville TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange Senior Thesis Projects, 1993-2002 College Scholars 2002 Spirituality and Health: The Mind/Body/Soul Connection

https://www.tiktok.com/@soudamacumbamesmo/video/7380487614085877025
250 Likes, TikTok video from Michel (@soudamacumbamesmo): "Discover the vibrant world of Umbanda, Quimbanda, Candomble, and Macumba with hilarious memes and engaging traditions. Explore the fascinating culture and entertainment of these spiritual practices. #umbanda #quimbanda #candomble #macumba #mememacumba #memeumbanda".

https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes/4838/
As in other folk art, White spiritual music has not been welI-documented. In this particular case, there does not even exist a clear definition of this somewhat unknown and often misunderstood phenomenon. The intent of this thesis is to present and justify a comprehensive definition of White spiritual music. To arrive at this goal, a two-fold approach was taken. The first chapter of the thesis