https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Base_pair
The chemical structure of DNA base-pairs. A base pair (bp) is a fundamental unit of double-stranded nucleic acids consisting of two nucleobases bound to each other by hydrogen bonds.They form the building blocks of the DNA double helix and contribute to the folded structure of both DNA and RNA.Dictated by specific hydrogen bonding patterns, "Watson-Crick" (or "Watson-Crick-Franklin

https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_and_General_Biology/Biology_(Kimball)/05%3A_DNA/5.04%3A_Base_Pairing_in_DNA_and_RNA
Rules of Base Pairing. Figure 5.4.1: Base Pairing. The rules of base pairing (or nucleotide pairing) are: A with T: the purine adenine (A) always pairs with the pyrimidine thymine (T) C with G: the pyrimidine cytosine (C) always pairs with the purine guanine (G) This is consistent with there not being enough space (20 Å) for two purines to fit

https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Williams_School/Chemistry_II/09%3A_Biomolecules_-_Nucleic_Acids/9.02%3A_Base_Pairing_in_DNA_-_The_Watson-Crick_Model
DNA exists as a double-stranded molecule that twists around its axis to form a helical structure,stabilized through Watson-Crick hydrogen bonding between purines and pyrimidines, and through pi-pi stacking interactions among the bases arranged in structure. helical column. Each strand is a complement to the other; the nucleotides on one strand

https://www.khanacademy.org/science/ap-biology/gene-expression-and-regulation/replication/a/hs-dna-structure-and-replication-review
Process during which a double-stranded DNA molecule is copied to produce two identical DNA molecules: Base pairing: Principle in which the nitrogenous bases of the DNA molecules bond with one another: DNA structure. DNA is a nucleic acid, one of the four major groups of biological macromolecules.

https://courses.lumenlearning.com/suny-wmopen-biology1/chapter/dna-base-pairs-and-replication/
Learn about the history, structure, and replication of DNA, the molecule of heredity. Explore the role of complementary base pairing, enzymes, proofreading, and telomeres in DNA replication.

https://openstax.org/books/concepts-biology/pages/9-1-the-structure-of-dna
Now let's consider the structure of the two types of nucleic acids, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA). The building blocks of DNA are nucleotides, which are made up of three parts: a deoxyribose (5-carbon sugar), a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base ( Figure 9.3 ). There are four types of nitrogenous bases in DNA.

https://www.khanacademy.org/science/biology/dna-as-the-genetic-material/dna-discovery-and-structure/a/discovery-of-the-structure-of-dna
Learn how the double helix of DNA was discovered by Watson, Crick, Franklin, and others, and how it is composed of nucleotides and base pairs. Explore the properties and features of the DNA molecule, such as antiparallel orientation and right-handed helix.

https://biologydictionary.net/base-pair/
Learn about base pairs, the sets of hydrogen-linked nucleobases that make up DNA and RNA. Test your knowledge with a quiz on base pair rules, structure and differences.

https://www.genome.gov/genetics-glossary/Base-Pair
A base pair consists of two complementary DNA nucleotide bases that pair together to form a "rung of the DNA ladder.". DNA is made of two linked strands that wind around each other to resemble a twisted ladder — a shape known as a double helix. Each strand has a backbone made of alternating sugar (deoxyribose) and phosphate groups.

https://www.britannica.com/science/base-pair
base pair, in molecular biology, two complementary nitrogenous molecules that are connected by hydrogen bonds. Base pairs are found in double-stranded DNA and RNA, where the bonds between them connect the two strands, making the double-stranded structures possible. Base pairs themselves are formed from bases, which are complementary nitrogen

https://www.khanacademy.org/test-prep/mcat/biomolecules/dna/a/dna-structure-and-function
Learn how DNA is a polymer of four nucleotides that form a double helix with complementary base pairing. Understand the role of DNA in storing and expressing genetic information and the enzymes that interact with it.

https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/Lumen_Learning/Biology_for_Majors_I_(Lumen)/11%3A_Module_9-_DNA_Structure_and_Replication/11.06%3A_Introduction_to_DNA_Base_Pairs_and_Replication
What You'll Learn to Do. Understand the historical basis of our understanding of DNA. Outline the basic steps in DNA replication. Identify the major enzymes that play a role in DNA replication. Identify the key proofreading processes in DNA replication. Understand the basic role of telomeres in protecting DNA from replication errors.

https://openstax.org/books/organic-chemistry/pages/28-2-base-pairing-in-dna
A full turn of a DNA double helix is shown in Figure 28.4.The helix is 20 Å wide, there are 10 base pairs per turn, and each turn is 34 Å in length. Notice in Figure 28.4 that the two strands of the double helix coil in such a way that two kinds of "grooves" result, a major groove 12 Å wide and a minor groove 6 Å wide. The major groove is slightly deeper than the minor groove, and both

http://scienceprimer.com/nucleotide-base-pairing
DNA is the information molecule of the cell. DNA's capacity to store and transmit heritable information depends on interactions between nucleotide bases and on the fact that some combinations of bases form stable links, while other combinations do not. Base pairs that form stable connections are called complementary bases.

https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Organic_Chemistry/Organic_Chemistry_(OpenStax)/28%3A_Biomolecules_-_Nucleic_Acids/28.03%3A_Base_Pairing_in_DNA
Figure 28.3: Hydrogen-bonding between base pairs in the DNA double helix. Electrostatic potential maps show that the faces of the bases are relatively neutral. , while the edges have positive and negative regions. Pairing G with C and A with T brings together oppositely charged regions. A full turn of a DNA double helix is shown in Figure 28.4.

https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Nassau_Community_College/Organic_Chemistry_I_and_II/26%3A_Nucleic_Acids/26.2%3A_DNA_Base_Pairs
The human genome has about 3 billion base pairs of DNA. Therefore, on average, each single chromosome of a pair has about 150 million base pairs and lots of proteins bound to it. dsDNA is a highly charged molecule, and can be viewed, to a first approximation, as a long rod-like molecule with a large negative charge. It is a polyanion.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK26821/
A DNA Molecule Consists of Two Complementary Chains of Nucleotides. A DNA molecule consists of two long polynucleotide chains composed of four types of nucleotide subunits. Each of these chains is known as a DNA chain, or a DNA strand.Hydrogen bonds between the base portions of the nucleotides hold the two chains together ().As we saw in Chapter 2 (Panel 2-6, pp. 120-121), nucleotides are

https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/z36mmp3/revision/2
Base pairing The nucleotides are identical except for the base, which can be an adenine, thymine, guanine or cytosine. There are chemical cross-links between the two strands in DNA, formed by

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleobase
These purine-pyrimidine pairs, which are called base complements, connect the two strands of the helix and are often compared to the rungs of a ladder. Only pairing purine with pyrimidine ensures a constant width for the DNA. The A-T pairing is based on two hydrogen bonds, while the C-G pairing is based

https://www.khanacademy.org/science/ap-biology/gene-expression-and-regulation/dna-and-rna-structure/a/nucleic-acids
DNA is the genetic material found in living organisms, all the way from single-celled bacteria to multicellular mammals like you and me. ... This base-pairing creates a complex 3D structure important to the function of the molecule. Image modified from Protein Data Bank (work of the U.S. government). Regulatory RNA (miRNAs and siRNAs)

https://www.biologyonline.com/dictionary/base-pairing-rule
The base-pairing rules are rules that apply during the pairing between one purine and one pyrimidine via tight hydrogen bonds (H-bonds). These rules apply to both types of double-stranded nucleic acids, particularly, double-stranded DNA as well as double-stranded RNA (with an exception of A = T in DNA and A = U in RNA).

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA
This arrangement of two nucleotides binding together across the double helix (from six-carbon ring to six-carbon ring) is called a Watson-Crick base pair. DNA with high GC-content is more stable than DNA with low GC-content. A Hoogsteen base pair (hydrogen bonding the 6-carbon ring to the 5-carbon ring) is a rare variation of base-pairing.

https://biologywise.com/dna-bases-their-pairing-rules
Learn about the four DNA bases: Adenine, Thymine, Guanine and Cytosine, and their chemical structures, properties and functions. Understand the base pairing rules of DNA, based on the experimental findings of Chargaff and the double helical structure of Watson and Crick.

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-024-07552-4
Bridge RNAs enable IS110 recombinases to exploit the inherent logic of RNA-DNA base-pairing, directly bypassing the complex target site recognition codes of other known transposases and

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38926615/
This bridge RNA contains two internal loops encoding nucleotide stretches that base-pair with the target DNA and the donor DNA, which is the IS110 element itself. We demonstrate that the target-binding and donor-binding loops can be independently reprogrammed to direct sequence-specific recombination between two DNA molecules. This modularity

https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2024/cp/d4cp01580k
Many fundamental biophysical processes involving gene regulation and gene editing rely, at the molecular level, on an intricate methodology of searching and locating the precise target base pair sequence on the genome by specific binding proteins. A unique mechanism, known as `facilitated diffusion', which i