https://www.pewresearch.org/religion/2018/05/29/being-christian-in-western-europe/
Christian identity in Western Europe is associated with higher levels of negative sentiment toward immigrants and religious minorities. On balance, self-identified Christians - whether they attend church or not - are more likely than religiously unaffiliated people to express negative views of immigrants, as well as of Muslims and Jews.

https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/14687968221106185
The article situates Christian privilege within secular Christian hegemony in Western Europe and explores its relation to racial and religious exclusion. It identifies three different types of Christian privilege and outlines a framework for normatively evaluating them. ... However, the Judeo-Christian identity can also be mobilized against

https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/00472441221115571
Recent surveys show how the religious significance of Christian identity and belonging has been constantly declining among Europeans, particularly in Western Europe (Pew Research Center, 2018: 36-37, 83). In the EHL and the HEH, Christianity is approached primarily from the viewpoint of cultural heritage that communicates the political value

https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2018/05/29/10-key-findings-about-religion-in-western-europe/
10 key findings about religion in Western Europe. Vatican Basilica, Rome. (Alberto Pizzoli/AFP/Getty Images) Most Christians in Western Europe today are non-practicing, but Christian identity still remains a meaningful religious, social and cultural marker, according to a new Pew Research Center survey of 15 countries in Western Europe.

https://www.pewresearch.org/religion/2018/05/29/religious-identity/
Most Western Europeans identify as Christian. Across the countries surveyed, most adults identify as Christian, including eight-in-ten or more in Portugal (83%), Austria (80%), Ireland (80%) and Italy (80%). By contrast, the Netherlands has the lowest share of Christians in the region (41%). Religiously unaffiliated adults — that is, those

https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/religionglobalsociety/2018/06/event-video-christian-identity-and-intolerance-in-secular-western-europe/
This is the recording of 'Christian Identity and (In)Tolerance in Secular Western Europe', the event we hosted at LSE on Thursday 7 June 2018. Chair: Professor Matthew Engelke (LSE) Speakers: Dr Neha Sahgal (Pew Research Center), Dr Esra Özyürek (LSE), Professor Nasar Meer (University of Edinburgh

https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/14687968221106185
The article situates Christian privilege within secular Christian hegemony in Western Europe and explores its relation to racial and religious exclusion. It identifies three different types of Christian privilege and outlines a framework for normatively evaluating them. ... Lewicki A (2021) The Christian politics of identity and the making of

https://aura.abdn.ac.uk/bitstream/handle/2164/20767/Lauwers_E_Religion_Secularity_Culture_VoR.pdf?sequence=1
Investigating Christian privilege in Western Europe A Sophie Lauwers University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK Abstract Scholarship on religious inequality in Europe has focused mainly on the position of religious minorities, primarily Jews and Muslims. Investigations into Islamophobia, anti-

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/361123935_Religion_secularity_culture_Investigating_Christian_privilege_in_Western_Europe
The article situates Christian privilege within secular Christian hegemony in Western Europe and explores its relation to racial and religious exclusion. ... Christian identity can also be

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/9781118556115.ch36
However, we can trace the continued significance of Christian practices in a number of ways: through links to religious heritage, through forms of religious engagement taking place away from state influences, and through the growth of immigration that has turned western Europe into a mission field for people coming from former colonies that

https://www.academia.edu/86304879/Secular_Christianity_as_national_identity_religion_nationality_and_attitudes_to_immigration_in_Western_Europe
This paper argues that although secular, contemporary Europe ought not to be irreligious. The challenges for the societies today can be addressed efficiently by making use of the values of the Christian faith; moreover, separating national identity from Christianity could lead to a disturbing crisis of an already troubled continent.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=naWkXsmadJo
How strong is Christian identity in Western Europe? How does this identity shape attitudes towards the nation and religious minorities? Pew Research Center p

https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-73053-6_2
For example, in much mainstream Western Christian tradition, faith, reason, church, and state worked together in the pursuit of truth and human flourishing. ... and hence about a "post-Christian Europe" rather than a secular Europe'. ... particularly to members of the LGBT identity group. Prevailing notions of secular reason—science

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/9781118556115.ch53
It outlines the differences between western Europe and Eastern Europe, between secular western Europe and North America, and between the center-south zones of piety in the United States and Canada and the relatively secular west and northeast. It summarizes the current trends towards institutional detachment, spirituality, and cultural relativism.

https://www.academia.edu/81117100/Religion_secularity_culture_Investigating_Christian_privilege_in_Western_Europe
Scholarship on religious inequality in Europe has focused mainly on the position of religious minorities, primarily Jews and Muslims. Investigations into Islamophobia, antisemitism, and other forms of discrimination and oppression, however, are

https://www.lse.ac.uk/Events/2018/06/christian-identity-in-secular-western-europe
Christian Identity in Secular Western Europe Thursday 07 June 2018 6.30pm to 8.00pm Hosted by the European Institute. OLD.4.10, Old Building , United Kingdom . Speakers. Dr Neha Sahgal Associate Director of Research at the Pew Research Center . Dr Esra Özyürek Associate Professor and Chair for Contemporary Turkish Studies at the LSE European

https://religionnews.com/2018/05/29/not-so-secular-survey-finds-a-large-group-of-nonpracticing-christians-in-europe/
Christian identity in Europe remains a religious, social and cultural marker. Graphic courtesy of Pew Research Center "Christian identity remains a meaningful marker in Western Europe, even

https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2018/05/american-atheists-religious-european-christians/560936/
Western Europeans are deeply secular people—and Christians are no exception. ... but they capture the essence of a fascinating finding in a new study about Christian identity in Western Europe

https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/religionglobalsociety/2018/06/pew-research-center-being-christian-in-western-europe/
Pew Research Center recently published a major new report on Christian identity and attitudes towards religious minorities in Western Europe. LSE will host an event on Thursday 7 June in which the Center will present its report, followed by an expert panel discussion. Here, lead report author Neha Sahgal shares ten key findings. Most Christians

https://tif.ssrc.org/2016/10/11/a-new-christianist-secularism-in-europe/
A new "Christianist" secularism in Europe. Throughout much of the world, religion manifestly—and sometimes markedly—informs everyday understandings, cultural representations, and political and legal definitions of nationhood. The paradox I wish to explore, with reference to developments in Northern and Western Europe, is that religion

https://www.pewresearch.org/religion/2018/05/29/religion-and-society/
The role of Christianity and churches in Europe. While survey results show that Western Europeans tend to express positive views of churches and other religious organizations, focus groups in five countries revealed further insights into how adults think about the ways religious institutions and the broader society should interact.

https://europeanacademyofreligionandsociety.com/news/is-religion-behind-the-decline-of-secularism-in-europe/
Europe is often compared with the United States to highlight its secular inclination, in contrast to the pronounced religious significance in the U.S. [1] Yet, the once-clear secular identity of Europe is now being questioned. This has sparked debates about whether religion is the primary cause, or whether there are other forces at play.

https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2018/05/10-key-findings-about-religion-in-western-europe/
Most Christians in Western Europe today are non-practicing, but Christian identity still remains a meaningful religious, social and cultural marker, according to a new Pew Research Center survey of 15 countries in Western Europe.In addition to religious beliefs and practices, the survey explores respondents' views on immigration, national identity and pluralism, and how religion is

https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/14687968221106185?icid=int.sj-abstract.citing-articles.2
Scholarship on religious inequality in Europe has focused mainly on the position of religious minorities, primarily Jews and Muslims. Investigations into Islamophobia, antisemitism, and other forms