https://www.physio-pedia.com/Anterior_Shoulder_Instability
Apprehension, Relocation and anterior release tests [edit | edit source] The patient is in a supine position, with the shoulder in 90° of abduction and maximal lateral rotation. A positive apprehension test occurs if the patient either looks apprehensive or resists further movement. To differentiate apprehension from other potential conditions

https://www.physiotutors.com/wiki/apprehension-test/
The shoulder apprehension test has a sensitivity of 65.6% and specificity of 95.4% according to Hegedus et al. (2012) and has a strong clinical value for including or confirming anterior instability. To conduct the test, the patient is in supine position with the side to be examined close to the edge of the bench.

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https://www.michaelbahkmd.com/pdf/bahk-anterior-shoulder-instability-article.pdf
The goal of this study, therefore, was to determine the clinical value (overall accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, likelihood ratios, and the post-test probabilities) of the apprehension, relocation, and anterior drawer tests for the diagnosis of traumatic anterior shoulder instability.

https://physicaltherapyweb.com/apprehension-test/
The Apprehension Test (aka The Anterior Apprehension Test) is commonly used in orthopedic examination of the shoulder when testing for anterior shoulder instability. It is commonly coupled with the Relocation Test (aka Jobe Relocation Test).. Involved Structures. glenohumeral joint capsule; Starting Position. The test is best performed with the patient lying supine on the examination table.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8Wn-ZoibFVQ
In this video, I explain and demonstrate the special tests assessing for anterior shoulder instability. More specifically, we cover the rationale, interpreta

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK538234/
Anterior shoulder instability is defined as a soft tissue or bony insult of the shoulder that causes the humeral head to sublux or dislocate from the glenoid fossa. The lifetime risk of suffering from anterior shoulder instability is 1 to 2%. The young, active, athletic population is at high risk to shoulder instability events.

https://journals.lww.com/jaapa/Fulltext/2022/04000/An_algorithm_for_successfully_managing_anterior.2.aspx
Carefully place the involved arm in a position of abduction and external rotation (A). Symptoms of anterior instability or pain or both that resolve with a posteriorly directed force by the examiner (B) is a positive finding for anterior shoulder instability. The Jobe relocation test follows the apprehension test.

https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-662-61074-9_6
An evaluation of the apprehension, relocation and surprise tests for anterior shoulder instability. Am J Sports Med. 2004;32(2):301-7. Article Google Scholar Tzannes A, Paxinos A, Callanan M, Murrell GA. An assessment of the interexaminer reliability of test for shoulder instability. J Shoulder Elb Surg. 2004;13(1):18-23.

https://www.physio-pedia.com/Apprehension_Test
The therapist will flex the patient's elbow to 90 degrees and abducts the patient's shoulder to 90 degrees, maintaining neutral rotation. The examiner then slowly applies an external rotation force to the arm to 90 degrees while carefully monitoring the patient [1] . Patient apprehension from this maneuver, not pain, is considered a positive test.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14977651/
Purpose: To assess the validity of the apprehension, relocation, and surprise tests as predictors of anterior shoulder instability. Study design: Retrospective review of prospectively collected data. Methods: Forty-six patients with a clear diagnosis of one of the following shoulder disorders were evaluated by four independent, blinded

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qKqJRrms4u8
Kathleen Carr, MD demonstrates the Apprehension Relocation Test as part of a complete Shoulder Exam

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5646139/
Laxity and instability should be considered separately. For anterior instability, a combination of apprehension, relocation and release tests provide great specificity. On the other hand, multidirectional or posterior instability can be difficult to diagnose especially when the main complain is pain.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3261242/
The apprehension test is useful to evaluate patients with anterior instability. The test is performed with the shoulder abducted to 90° and the elbow flexed to 90°. Progressive external rotation is applied to the shoulder along with a slight anteriorly directed force.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33275397/
Anterior shoulder instability is the most common form of shoulder instability and is usually because of a traumatic injury. Careful patient selection is key to a favorable outcome. Primary shoulder stabilization should be considered for patients with high risk of recurrence or for elite athletes. Soft-tissue injury to the labrum, capsule

https://journals.lww.com/jaaos/Abstract/2021/01150/Diagnosis_and_Management_of_Traumatic_Anterior.3.aspx
Soft-tissue injury to the labrum, capsule, glenohumeral ligament, and rotator cuff influence the outcome. Glenoid bone loss (GBL) and type of bone loss (on-track/off-track) are important factors when recommending treatment strategy. Identification and management of concomitant injuries are paramount. The physician should consider three-dimensional CT reconstructions and magnetic resonance

https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/0095399703258690
To assess the validity of the apprehension, relocation, and surprise tests as predictors of anterior shoulder instability. Study Design. Retrospective review of prospectively collected data. Methods.

https://www.physiotutors.com/wiki/anterior-shoulder-instability-cluster/
There the examiner gives an anterior-to-posterior (AP) directed pressure at the humeral head. The test is considered positive when the patient's fear of luxation is reduced after the AP pressure is applied. Other common tests to assess anterior glenohumeral joint instability are: Release / Surprise Test. Load and Shift Test.

https://www.physio-pedia.com/Anterior_Drawer_Test_Of_The_Shoulder
Anterior Drawer Test of the shoulder is used to examine the Anterior shoulder instability. It can also be used on aching shoulders where the apprehension test is difficult to interpret, and it has allowed us to reliably diagnose anterior subluxations even in patients who may have a negative apprehension test. [1]

https://medium.com/@Dr_nabil_ebraheim/shoulder-instability-apprehension-relocation-test-7d32520d1ff2
The test is performed on patients with shoulder pain and a history of chronic anterior shoulder dislocation in order to determine shoulder instability and possibly the presence of a labral tear

https://www.physiotutors.com/wiki/release-test/
The instability becomes apparent when a patient has apprehension or, fear of subluxation, at end range of motion. The shoulder release Test has a sensitivity of 81.8% and specificity of 86.1% according to Hegedus et al. (2012). The Release Test is a follow-up test of the Relocation Test and evaluated as a stand-alone test it has moderate

https://www.physiotutors.com/wiki/relocation-test/
The shoulder relocation Test has a sensitivity of 64.6% and specificity of 90.2% according to Hegedus et al. (2012). It's a subsequent test to the apprehension test where when clustered together performs well in the diagnosis of anterior instability. As a stand-alone test however it has only moderate clinical value.

https://www.physiotutors.com/wiki/shoulder-relocation-test/
The instability becomes apparent when a patient has apprehension or, fear of subluxation, at the end range of motion. The shoulder Relocation test is usually performed directly after a positive Shoulder Apprehension Test. has a sensitivity of 64.6% and specificity of 90.2% according to Hegedus et al. (2012) and has a moderate clinical value for