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53,027 Views • Premiered Aug 17, 2021 • Click to toggle off description
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🕐TIMESTAMPS🕖
👉0:00 Opening Montage
👉1:01 Introduction and Titles
👉2:09 Altitude and Temperature
👉3:05 Effect of Altitude on Biomes
👉4:55 Polar Ice
👉6:36 Subarctic Highland Tundra
👉7:20 Wet Temperate Highland Biomes
👉8:49 Dry Highland Biomes
👉10:11 Tropical Montane Forest and Moorland
👉13:40 Mount Kilimanjaro - The World In Miniature
👉14:45 Outro
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As one rises in altitude, the air temperature drops. So when you take a sea-level biome, and climb into the mountains, this has the effect of pushing the biome toward the poles in equivalent latitude. For instance, broadleaf forest in temperate latitudes turns to coniferous forest like taiga.
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At the poles, the ice at sea-level is just more ice at altitude. But in the arctic tundra, only small rises in altitude lead us into ice glaciers. The subarctic boreal forest will turn to tundra and then ice over relatively small hills, as a tree-line develops. Above this tree-line, found in most biomes, the summer temperatures are insufficient to permit tree-growth.
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In temperate latitudes, wet biomes such as grassland and broadleaf or mixed forest turn to coniferous forests on mountain slopes, and above the tree line, alpine meadows, and then glaciers if the mountains are particularly high.
A similar pattern occurs in dry biomes such as scrub or semi-desert, in that slopes are forested as less evapotranspiration in the cooler temperatures permits the growth of trees over shrubs. Only very dry deserts such as the Atacama or the heart of the Sahara skip the forested layer as conditions are too dry even for trees to grow in the cooler upland areas.
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But it's in the tropics that we find the most interesting effects on biomes at altitude. For here there are low variations in seasonal temperatures, and this leads to unique species of trees, succulents, palms etc. to grow within and above the now very high treeline.
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FURTHER READING:
Additional charts, maps and images along with the narrative script - click here:
👉 geodiode.com/biomes/highlands
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📷📹🎥 VIDEO & PHOTO CREDITS ❤️❤️❤️
geodiode.com/biomes/highlands#credits
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Please support the development of this channel by remembering to 👍 Like, 🔁 Share and 🔴 Subscribe.
You can also support the production of series like this by becoming a monthly sponsor with Patreon for as little as $2/month 👉 patreon.com/geodiode 🥰
Research and Media Procurement Assistance: Richard Torres
Narrated, Written and Produced by
B.J.Ranson
You can contact me via the website at 👉 geodiode.com/contact
Or you can send an email via this Youtube Channel page 👉 / @geodiode
Views : 53,027
Genre: Education
Date of upload: Premiered Aug 17, 2021 ^^
Rating : 4.971 (12/1,629 LTDR)
RYD date created : 2022-01-20T15:12:51.96493Z
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YouTube Comments - 138 Comments
Top Comments of this video!! :3
This was such an interesting episode! Really shows our planet is more unique than we give it credit for!
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Another excellent addition to our homeschool lessons. Thanks for your always exemplary work. <3
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দারুন ভালো লাগলো👍👍 অনেক ধন্যবাদ আপনাকে💞
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i am actually witnessing a fresh geodiode upload for the first time, so glad i found this channel
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In Mexico, thanks to the neotropical realm and the neartic realm you can find a mixture of all kinds of highland vegetation described here. In the border with Guatemala (Tacaná), there's vegetation like those described in Colombia (paramo) but not so rich nor so spread. In central Mexico, there is Jungle, Tropical Moist Forest, Pine and fir forests (like temperate climates, actually the highest pines and treeline in the world), then the grassy puna-like from neotropics and finally glaciers... if you go further north you may find mixed temperate forest, taiga like forests, and finally a miniature pine tundra... further north yet in Mexico, at same altitude, you will find a continental forest instead.
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I've been fascinated by the environmental changes with altitude ever since I found out that's how it works. It amazes me that you can go several thousand feet up and be in a place like the Arctic. I had my own experience with watching the changes with altitude. Less than 2 months before covid started I went to Palm springs in the desert of Southern California and took rode in a cable car from the Barren desert floor, up to about 8,000 ft in elevation. During the ride I quickly watch the desert morph in the shrubs and then into a pine Forest. From that point, I spent the day hiking another 2,500 feet up through this Forest of tall pine trees, and once I started to get towards the top it became subalpine and the trees were really short and scattered. The trees lower down were about 100 ft tall and right next to each other. Up towards the top they were only like 20 ft tall. When I was in the tram car there was a video talking about the mountain and said hiking the mountain is like going from California to Alaska. I've never been to Alaska but it certainly felt like that at the top, especially since it was cold and cloudy that day with some scattered rain. It was one of the best experiences in my entire life.
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I'm so grateful for this series, it's a saving grace as my exam looms next week. Thank you!
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Breathtaking. i live in the alps so i never thought about diffrent highland compositions
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I’m here for my geography course, but I always look forward to a Geodiode video :) instead of just explaining, you explain while showing beautiful pictures and videos which makes these videos so much more interesting.
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Different mountain biomes are the main reason i love hiking. You sold me mt Kilimanjaro.
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Pico Duarte is the highest peak in the Caribbean, 3,087 meters above the sea level. I had the opportunity to reach its summit, the experience was amazing... as described in this video I witnessed the change in the vegetation, from the low land forests of the tropics, to the montane tropical forests and finally a forests of pines until the summit. In winter time temperature drop to near -2°, but there's not snow.
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1:36 Haramiyata Peak and The Seven Rila Lakes in Bulgaria <3 I strongly recommend to all who have not been to Bulgaria to visit my country! We have amazing nature!
Btw, I love your channel! One of my favourite!
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I am so freaking glad my prof. showed some of your videos in class and introduced me to this channel
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Hello Geodiode, what a wonderful explanation of highlands. I am from Cusco-Peru. I may say that I have seen many times authors misclassified Cusco as EtH, or as Cwb or Cwc or Csbi. It is quite confusing. In Cusco-Peru we have several types of "Inter-Andean" or "Quechua" classified territories by being above 3300 meters above sea level, but below 3800. We have a well marked dry season from May to September with absolute 0 rain in June. And a rainy season from October to April, (December and January the wettest). Still we have a predominant dry air and sunny days and blue skies even in the rainy season. While in the plateus, and the flatter valleys we have trees, grasses or agriculture, further up in the ravines and Mountain "Cracks" that may reach as high as 4000 Mts. we still have forests (if not vandalised) -- while on the flater tops, we only have olive type grass that turns yellow on dry season. In the other side, at the "High Jungle", at the altitudes comparing, that is, 3000 to 3600 overviewing the Rainforests, mostly it is warm from 18 to 25C, but suddenly, the moist wind will drop to 13C degrees will feel like 5C or less!! They call it "friajes" -- or cold fronts at any time in the afternoons. That occurs at the tops of the hills near Machu Picchu (located at 2400). I do not know why Koppen still believes Cusco Valley and Macchu Picchu, should have a Cwb, Csbi classification while they have totally different weathers?
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I think one the best examples of "little world" of the tropical highlands is the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta in Colombia's Caribbean Coast. It towers close to 6000m right besides the Caribbean Sea, with a relatively narrow shallow sea belt before the deep sea plain, therefore you have the altitudinal gradients component. The different slopes of this seemingly pyramidal mountain system recieve different precipitations, therefore you have the precipitation variation component. All this factors join together to form a spectacular transition of biomes in tremendously short distances. The northeastern slope faces at sea level the semi-arid and arid desert climates of the Guajira peninsula, the southern slopes face at sea level tropical dry seasonal forests, the western slope faces the wetlands of the Magdalena River delta coupled with the human-generated savannahs, the northern slopes have varying communities of seasonal forests and tropical rainforests. Increasing in altitude, you find a mosaic of premontane, montane and cloud forests that give rise to the ecuatorial alpine tundra known in Spanish as páramo, this biome has vegetation that has had convergent evolution with those of the African alpine tundra, for example, the genres Espeletia (Neotropical) and Dendrosenecio (Afrotropical) while not being directly related, have a distinct rosette form as an adaptation to the extreme environmental conditions. The páramo gives way to the superpáramo, a place nearly devoid of plant life and no soil development, much like the furthest subpolar areas, finally the mountains are capped by the tropical glaciers that are visible from the sandy Caribbean beaches.
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In fact I love this channel because it very amazing and attractive
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40 hours of waiting finally worth it
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Hey Geodiode! Amazing video! But there was one small mistake, the main reason why the scottish highlands rainforests don't regrow is mainly because there are way too many deers that eat the small saplings, due to the extinction of large predators like the wolf.
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I love seeing the transition of vegetation when I travel to the mountains here in southeastern Brazil
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@Geodiode
2 years ago
Welcome to the Highlands of Earth! Please share your experiences of your time in these places where the air is thinner and cooler, and where the plant life is... different. Especially love to hear if you live in one of these areas.
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