Imagine, it’s the mid-1800s. Since the end of the Napoleonic Wars, peace between Britain and France had been secured for close to half a century. And yet, for the English, the threat of an imminent invasion across the channel never seemed too far-fetched. 

That’s why thousands of ‘navvies’ and later volunteers, engineers, artillerymen and army officers, were summoned in 1860 to build and occupy gigantic forts along the south coast of England should the dreaded day arrive when French ships emerged on the horizon…

Over 70 polygonal strongholds would be built or upgraded as part of a commission in 1859 instigated by prime minister Lord Palmerston, who shared the anxieties of most of Britain’s Naval and Military Commanders - that Britain was rapidly falling behind foreign powers, and would be unable to defend itself from an attempted invasion. 

The fortresses, known as ‘Palmerston Forts’, stretched across the United Kingdom, mainly in strategically important coastal areas. Each would cost the treasury an enormous amount of money, require a significant labour force to construct and a large group of military volunteers to man. But the invasion never came…

In this video, Luke Tomes will be stationed at Fort Nelson, one of five giant fortifications built on the summit of Portsdown Hill, overlooking Portsmouth Dockyard. He’ll find out what it took to design and build the fort, how recruits were selected and deemed fit for service and what life was really like for those stationed on Victorian Britain’s coastal frontline… 

Check put Fort Nelson's social pages 👇

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With special thanks to the Palmerston Forts Society for images and uniforms.

Facebook Page: www.facebook.com/PalmerstonFortsSociety/
Website: www.palmerstonfortssociety.org.uk/

Filmed at: royalarmouries.org/fort-nelson

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00:00 Introduction
02:26 Napoleon III
04:14 History of 'Palmerston Forts'
08:17 Building Fort Nelson
11:31 Life of the 'Navvies'
13:19 Design of Fort Nelson
16:53 Volunteer Recruitment
25:10 Life as a Volunteer
28:13 Fort Nelson Armaments
33:07 Victorian Medicine
34:37 Crimean War and Florence Nightingale
43:17 Officer's Mess
45:53 Guardroom and Punishments
47:45 Underground Tunnels
53:15 Conclusio