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#fetalultrasound

Holoprosencephaly (HPE) is a brain malformation that occurs when the brain's hemispheres fail to fully separate during development. It's the most common forebrain abnormality in humans

Types
Alobar: The most severe type, where the brain's hemispheres do not separate at all
Semilobar: Some parts of the brain separate, but not all
Lobar: Most parts of the brain separate, but some small parts do not
Middle interhemispheric variant (MIHV): The mildest type, where a small part of the brain is affected

The cavum septum pellucidum (CSP) is a fluid-filled space in the fetal brain that's visible on ultrasound during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy. It's an important part of the fetal brain evaluation and is routinely assessed during a second-trimester ultrasound.

What does an abnormal CSP indicate?
The absence of the CSP or an abnormal appearance of the CSP can indicate fetal anomalies
These anomalies can include agenesis of the corpus callosum, holoprosencephaly, and septo-optic dysplasia