A 20 kW *on-grid solar system* (also known as a grid-tied or grid-connected system) is designed to generate solar power and feed it directly into the electrical grid. These systems are commonly used for residential, commercial, and small industrial applications. Here's a description of the key components and operation:

1. *Solar Panels:*
*Capacity:* 20 kW
*Number of panels:* The system typically consists of around 50–60 solar panels, depending on the panel's wattage (e.g., 350-400 W per panel).
*Function:* The solar panels convert sunlight into direct current (DC) electricity.

2. *Inverter:*
*Type:* String inverters or microinverters.
*Function:* The inverter converts the DC electricity produced by the panels into alternating current (AC), which is compatible with the electrical grid.

3. *Net Metering:*
The on-grid system is connected to a net meter, which measures both the energy consumed from the grid and the excess energy sent back to the grid.
When the solar system produces more power than needed, the excess electricity is fed into the grid, and the owner gets credited for this energy (depending on local regulations).

4. *Grid Connection:*
The system relies on the grid for stable power supply. If the system under-produces (e.g., during cloudy days or at night), the grid provides the additional electricity needed.
In case of excess production, power flows back into the grid, and the user may earn credits or compensation based on the net metering policy in place.

5. *Monitoring System:*
*Real-time monitoring:* Many systems come with a monitoring platform that tracks the system’s performance, energy generation, and consumption.
This allows users to check energy savings, troubleshoot, and maintain the system efficiently.

6. *Battery Storage (Optional):*
While most on-grid systems do not include batteries, they can be integrated for backup power during outages.
The battery would store excess energy generated during the day and supply it when solar generation is low or when the grid is down (if designed as a hybrid system).

7. *Performance:*
*Daily Energy Production:* A 20 kW system can generate about 70-100 kWh per day, depending on sunlight availability, location, and panel efficiency.
*Annual Production:* Roughly 25,000–36,000 kWh annually (varies with location and solar radiation).

8. *Advantages:*
*Cost Savings:* Reduces electricity bills by supplementing grid power with solar energy.
*Environmental Impact:* Reduces carbon footprint by utilizing clean, renewable energy.
*Low Maintenance:* Minimal moving parts reduce maintenance costs.
*Government Incentives:* Eligible for various rebates, tax credits, or feed-in tariffs in many regions.

9. *Limitations:*
*No power during grid failure:* Since it’s grid-tied, the system shuts down during a power outage to prevent backfeeding into the grid unless it has battery backup.
*Dependency on Net Metering Policies:* Financial benefits largely depend on local net metering regulations and feed-in tariffs.

Use Cases:
*Residential:* For homes with high energy consumption or multi-family units.
*Commercial:* Small businesses, offices, or shops aiming to reduce their electricity bills.
*Farms or Agricultural Installations:* Suitable for powering equipment, irrigation systems, or other operations requiring large amounts of energy.

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