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Infectious mononucleosis, often referred to as "mono," is a viral infection most commonly caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), which is a member of the herpesvirus family. It is sometimes called the "kissing disease" because it is frequently transmitted through saliva, although it can also be spread through other bodily fluids.

▎Symptoms

Infectious mononucleosis typically presents with a range of symptoms, which can vary in severity. Common symptoms include:

• Fatigue: Profound tiredness that can last for weeks or even months.

• Fever: A moderate to high fever is common.

• Sore Throat: Often severe, resembling strep throat, with swollen tonsils and possible white patches.

• Swollen Lymph Nodes: Particularly in the neck and armpits.

• Headache: Generalized headaches may occur.

• Skin Rash: Some individuals may develop a rash.

• Enlarged Spleen or Liver: This can lead to abdominal discomfort.

▎Diagnosis

Diagnosis of infectious mononucleosis typically involves:

• Clinical Evaluation: Assessment of symptoms and physical examination.

• Blood Tests:

• Complete Blood Count (CBC): May show an increase in white blood cells, particularly atypical lymphocytes.

• Monospot Test: A rapid test that detects heterophile antibodies; positive results indicate mono but are not specific to EBV.

• EBV-Specific Antibody Testing: More definitive tests can identify specific antibodies to EBV.

▎Treatment

There is no specific antiviral treatment for infectious mononucleosis. Management focuses on relieving symptoms:

• Rest: Adequate rest is essential for recovery.

• Hydration: Staying hydrated helps alleviate symptoms.

• Pain Relief: Over-the-counter medications like acetaminophen or ibuprofen can help reduce fever and relieve throat pain.

• Corticosteroids: In severe cases with significant swelling (e.g., obstructive tonsillitis), corticosteroids may be prescribed.

▎Complications

Most individuals recover fully from mono, but some potential complications include:

• Splenic Rupture: An enlarged spleen can be at risk of rupture, particularly with contact sports or heavy lifting.

• Liver Issues: Mild liver inflammation (hepatitis) may occur.

• Chronic Fatigue: Some individuals report prolonged fatigue after recovery.

▎Prevention

Preventing infectious mononucleosis primarily involves minimizing exposure to the virus. This includes:

• Avoiding sharing drinks, utensils, or personal items with someone who has mono.

• Practicing good hygiene, such as regular handwashing.

Infectious mononucleosis is generally a self-limiting illness, and most people recover completely within a few weeks to months. If you suspect you have mono or have concerning symptoms, it's important to consult a healthcare provider for evaluation and guidance.