The Iberomaurusians were a prehistoric population that lived in North Africa during the Upper Paleolithic period, roughly between 22,000 and 9,000 years ago. They are primarily associated with the region that includes present-day Morocco, Algeria, and Tunisia. The Iberomaurusians are named after the Iberian Peninsula due to early speculations about possible connections to European populations, although more recent genetic and archaeological evidence suggests they were primarily indigenous to North Africa. They are best known for their distinctive stone tools, particularly microliths, which were small, finely made flint tools likely used as components of composite tools or weapons, such as arrows or spears.

Genetically, the Iberomaurusians have been found to be a mixture of North African and sub-Saharan African ancestry, with some influence from Near Eastern populations. Recent studies of ancient DNA from Iberomaurusian remains, particularly from the Taforalt cave in Morocco, have shown that these populations were distinct from both later North African groups and contemporary European populations. Their genetic makeup includes significant contributions from a lineage related to sub-Saharan Africans, indicating deep-rooted connections within Africa. The Iberomaurusians represent an important chapter in the prehistoric history of North Africa, providing insights into the complex interactions and migrations that shaped the genetic landscape of the region long before the advent of farming and the arrival of more recent populations like the Berbers.