The Mexican-American War (1846-1848) was a pivotal event marking a major milestone in the expansion of U.S. territory. This conflict stemmed from the concept of "Manifest Destiny," the belief that the United States was destined to expand across the continent from the Atlantic to the Pacific. After Texas was annexed in 1845, tensions between the U.S. and Mexico quickly escalated into war. With military superiority, the United States emerged victorious, forcing Mexico to sign the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo in 1848. This agreement ceded vast territories including California, Nevada, Utah, Arizona, New Mexico, and parts of Colorado and Wyoming to the U.S. While achieving its territorial goals, the victory also deepened internal divisions over slavery, hastening the path to the American Civil War. The war not only shaped the modern borders of the U.S. but also solidified the nation’s position as a rising power in North America.

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