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RYD date created : 2024-11-22T03:57:06.271025Z
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I figured out freeze distilling on accident. When I was about 18 or 19 (an age at which it's legal to brew beer in my state, and nationally) I made a batch of homebrew using an ingredient I hadn't tried before called Irish moss, which is a kind of seaweed used to help clarify the beer as it ferments. The recipe called for one teadpoon, but I misread and added one tablespoon. Of course, being seaweed, it tastes like the sea and, after adding about four times the amount I was supposed to, so did my beer. Well, I didnt want to waste five gallons of beer but I didn't want to go through the bottling process for nasty tasting beer either so I put it in plastic jugs and threw it in the freezer until I could figure out what to do with it. When I came back to it a few weeks later (a friend of mine who was a surfer said he would drink it because after a day of surfing all he could taste was ocean anyway), it had seperated into a solid, icy part and a liquod boozy part. I didn't try any though.
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You need molecular sieves or a strong desiccant to go above the azeotrope. Not that hard to do - but keeping it at that purity is hard when it will suck out any moisture from the air rapidly. If you make it in advance and need to store it you have to take some special precautions in materials selection to avoid gas permeation.
Likely very unpleasant to dry drinking at that point :P
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Eutectic mixtures are actually fairly commonly used in many different applications. One example is solder for bonding electronics or plumbing.
Both lead and tin have fairly low melting points, but when you mix them at a certain ratio, most commonly 60:40 Sn:Pb, the resulting mixture has an even lower melting point than either of the pure metals. Tin melts at around 450F, lead melts at around 620F, and a 60:40 mixture of the two melts at around 370F. (Sn:Pb solder isn't used much anymore due to RoHS standards, but you can still find it in some places and many people prefer it due to its ease of use and mechanical properties.)
The reason these mixtures have a lower melting point than their constituents is because the atoms, being differently sized, don't fit together as well as the pure elements and so it takes less energy to separate them. This is a simplification, of course, but more or less correct.
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Back in the late 70's and early 80's when there was more do-it-yourself interest in running cars on alcohol I took a course on it at the local university. While you can use freeze distillation to get to higher proofs like you mention getting anything much above 160-165 is difficult at scale and you're going to be throwing away an increasing amount of alcohol. And you need about 175 proof to run a car so it was a case of so near yet so far. Though being in the north with long cold winters some people did try doing freeze distillation to reduce the amount of energy needed to distill alcohol to those higher proofs. It just wasn't worth it for auto fuel though. The amount of time and materials it took, along with working with the ATF to ensure they were happy with your denaturing process made home distilled alcohol about the most expensive fuel you could find :)
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i love the word eutectic, they're also super useful in engineering applications like concentrated solar thermal plants, central heating systems, and nuclear plants, because they've almost always got a wider liquid range than single chemicals. they're really good for heat transfer because they won't freeze or vaporize until 200°C+ outside of the operating range.
also, this might be a little pedantic, but the definition of a eutectic is the ratio of two substances that has the lowest freezing point, it's a consistent behavior in any mixture of two subsrances, usually two metals or salts or something, but it just so happens that, for some complex chemistry/materials science reasons, the eutectic is the highest % of water in alcohol that can freeze without separating.
i think it's the whole polar vs nonpolar thing, water and alcohol only being fully miscible as liquids/gases, because water really wants to form a neat hexagonal crystal and alcohol wants to form a glass or opal-like non-uniform crystal, the eutectic point, which heavily favors the alcohol, is where water can finally be integrated into the glass-like structure of frozen alcohol without forming any crystals of its own.
in two substances that are fully miscible in all states, like NaK, it's a continuous line with a minimum at the eutectic point, whereas with water and alcohol, there is a clean break at 94%, below which it's not possible, hence why freeze distilation is possible.
I'm a chemist but I've never specifically studied freeze distilling, let me know if I've got something wrong, i am very interested and would love to learn more about this, because i know all about eutectics but I haven't learned much about eutectics of substances that aren't necessarily miscible as solids for one reason or another (I'd imagine the same would be true for like a salt and an alkaline metal, like NaCl+K, even though Na+K and NaCl+KCl are both totally miscible, or water and salt, given that the boiling point of water is well below the melting point of salt)
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@nickamodio721
1 month ago
3A molecular sieves can get ethanol to near 100%, but afterwards the alcohol will return to 95% as it absorbs moisture from the air.
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