Through artistic depictions, and grave goods of jewelry and accessories like spindlewhorls, we can try to determine different roles and status of women in the Early Iron Age Europe, particularly in the communities of the Hallstatt culture. These range from servants in ceremonial drinking symposia, to rulers on thrones and leaders of cult processions.

Women of important social standing were part of the elite class and could wear imported gold and amber adornments and follow foreign fashion trends of prosperous civilizations like Etruscan or even Scythian. The changing trends between years and regions is best demonstrated with varying brooches and pendants left as grave goods.

Glass beads also had a prominent place in women's attire. They were sewn either onto a fabric or as necklaces and came in different shapes and colors. Jewelry made from bone and amber was also present, with amber being imported from the Baltic lands in the Northern Europe.

One of the most interesting are beads in the shape of a ram’s head, which spread across Europe. Ram was often depicted as a sacrificial animal between different cultures, and was involved in votive rituals performed by women. It also had a special significance, among others to the Kushite or Black Pharaohs of Egypt - another indication of Orientalizing during the Early Iron Age.


Sources: docs.google.com/document/d/1mnK9tpEvz9UgeVWuUh8fPF…

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Learn more about the history in the heart of Europe:    • History in the heart of Europe  

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