Antony van Leeuwenhoek (1632–1723), the discoverer of the microbial world, called the microorganisms that he found everywhere in vast numbers “very many little animalcules.” For more than a century after his discoveries, it was commonly held that these little animals arose spontaneously from inanimate matter.
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Leeuwenhoek is universally acknowledged as the father of microbiology. He discovered both protists and bacteria.
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Neil deGrasse Tyson is an American astrophysicist, author, and science communicator. Tyson studied at Harvard University, the University of Texas at Austin, and Columbia University. From 1991 to 1994, he was a postdoctoral research associate at Princeton University. In 1994, he joined the Hayden Planetarium as a staff scientist and the Princeton faculty as a visiting research scientist and lecturer. In 1996, he became director of the planetarium and oversaw its $210 million reconstruction project, which was completed in 2000. Since 1996, he has been the director of the Hayden Planetarium at the Rose Center for Earth and Space in New York City. The center is part of the American Museum of Natural History, where Tyson founded the Department of Astrophysics in 1997 and has been a research associate in the department since 2003.
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