Iron Age is marked by the spreading of art and ideas across Europe. The civilizations of the eastern Mediterranean and Mesopotamia, like Egypt and Assyria, spread their culture into Europe and across the Mediterranean.

The early Greek alphabet, figural decorations on pottery and the rise of city-states (Polis) are all results of this process. Greeks, along with Phoenicians became the main carriers of this Orientalizing Style and were later joined by Etruscans, whose influence pierced deeper into the mainland, across the Po valley and the Alps.

Evidence of this were found in the heart of Europe, where graves of local dignitaries were buried with a rich assortment of grave goods of forign esthetics, proving the ties with the southern civilizations. Whether these ties were purely trade-based, diplomatic, or even expressed military and political alliance, is difficult to say to this day and probably varied from region to region.

While ceramic and metallic vessels are the main indicators of the Orient’s influence, battle gear like helmets too show the influence of more advanced civilizations.


Sources: docs.google.com/document/d/1mnK9tpEvz9UgeVWuUh8fPF…

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Learn more about the history in the heart of Europe:    • History in the heart of Europe  

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