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Lynn Margulis and Mitochondria: The Overlooked Theory that Changed Biology!
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In this video, you'll learn about Lynn Margulis and Mitochondria: The Overlooked Theory that Changed Biology!
In the 1960s, biologist Lynn Margulis presented an idea that would forever change biology, but which was initially ignored and even ridiculed: the theory of serial endosymbiosis. She argued that mitochondria and chloroplasts, essential structures of eukaryotic cells, originated from symbiosis between different single-celled organisms.

According to Margulis, in the distant past, bacteria were engulfed by other cells, but instead of being destroyed, they began to live cooperatively, bringing mutual benefits. Over time, this symbiotic association became so intimate that it gave rise to the complex cells we know today.

At the time, her theory was met with suspicion and even hostility. Her papers were repeatedly rejected, and many scientists refused to accept the possibility that parts of our cells descended from bacteria.

However, as science advanced, evidence began to accumulate. It was discovered that both mitochondria and chloroplasts possess their own DNA, distinct from the genetic material in the nucleus, as well as ribosomes and a division process similar to that of bacteria. This evidence strengthened Margulis's hypothesis.

Today, the theory of endosymbiosis is widely accepted and considered a fundamental milestone in understanding cellular evolution and the origin of complex life. What was once ridiculed has become one of the most influential ideas in modern biology.

Lynn Margulis's trajectory is an inspiring example of how science can be slow to accept radical change, but also of how persistence and evidence can transform a rejected idea into a cornerstone of scientific knowledge.

With weekly videos, the channel is hosted by Professor THIAGO MENDES and aims to teach and answer questions about science, biology, physics, chemistry, geography, astronomy, and other interesting topics in a simple way, to help you, from elementary to high school, and for those who aren't students but always want to learn more.

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