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Postpartum Hemorrhage (PPH) is a serious complication that occurs after childbirth, characterized by heavy bleeding from the birth canal following the delivery of the baby. Normally, some blood loss is expected during and after childbirth, but when the amount of blood loss out of safe limits, it becomes a medical emergency. The World Health Organization (WHO) defines PPH as blood loss of 500 milliliters or more within 24 hours after birth, while severe PPH refers to blood loss greater than 1,000 milliliters. It remains one of the leading causes of maternal morbidity and mortality worldwide, particularly in low- and middle-income countries.
Types of PPH

PPH is broadly classified into two types:

1. Primary (Early) PPH – Occurs within the first 24 hours of delivery. This is the most dangerous and common form, usually resulting from problems such as uterine atony like A tonic uterus .


2. Secondary is also called Late PPH – Occurs after 24 hours and up to 12 weeks postpartum. It is often due to retained placental tissue, infection, or problems with the uterus healing.